Hypertension Flashcards
Hypertension can be ?
- Chronic
- Acute
Chronic hypertension is
- consistent elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure
- > 130/90 mmHg
- most common primary diagnosis or condition in the US
- risk increase with age
- diabetics increases risk of chronic hypertension
- increased risk for MI, stroke, and kidney disease
Acute hypertension is
cause?
- > 180/120
- also called magilant hypertension
- lead to life treatning organ damage if not treated
Cause
- uncontrolled severe primary hypertension
- pregnancy
- medication rxn
- alcohol withdrawal
- cocaine or amphetamine use
Hypertension is classified as
- Primary: cause is unknown so it is hard to treat
- 92-95% cases
- has many contributing factors like genetics, neurohormonal, and environmental - Secondary: cause is known so it is easy to treat
- caused by systemic disease process that raises peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output
- 5-10% cases
Risk factors for hypertension
Non modifiable= genetics …family history
- age
- gender
- diabetics type 1
Modifiable: smoking
- weight
- stress
- hypertension
- diets
- cholesterol
- physical motility
- diabetics type 2
Clinical manifestation of hypertension is
- asymptomatic until an organ is affected
- dizziness
- fatigue
- palpitations
- angina
- dyspnea
- headache
- nosebleeds
complications of hypertension
causes organ damage
- heart- heart failure
- kidneys—renal failure
brain—-stroke and MI
eyes—-blindness
blood— elevated blood sugar level
Classification of hypertension
Normal ===< 120/80
elevated ==120-129/80
stage 1===130-139/80-89
stage 2===>140/90
hypertensive crisis ===>180/120
Common Artery Disease
- vascular disorder that narrows or occludes the coronary arteries leading to myocardial ischemia
- atherosclerosis is the common cause
- has same risk factors as atherosclerosis and hypertension
Non- traditional risk factors of common artery disease
- marker of inflammation and thrombosis
- adipokines
- chronic kidney disease
- air pollution and ionization radiation
- certain medications
- microbiome
Myocardial ischemia is?
Clinical manifestation
- local, temporary deprivation of oxygen in the blood vessels
Clinical manifestation
- angina= chest pain
Myocardial ischemia can be classified as
- stable angina pectorais
- Unstable ( acute coronary syndrome)
- prinzmetal angina
Stable angina pectrolasi
- caused by chronic coronary obstruction
- recurrent, intermentioned, “ predictable chest pain”
- relived with rest
- pain is associated with physical activity, stress, emotional disorder
Unstable ( Acute coronary syndrome)
Clinical manifestation ?
- results from reversable MI
- precursor for inflammation
- often caused by unstable or liable plaque or thrombi
- new onset that occurs with cerebral palsy that occurs at rest or with pattern that changes from patient chronic stable angina pattern
-clinical manifestation
- sudden severe chest pain, may radiate to jaw, down left shoulder and to the back
- chest heaviness, pressure” elephant sitting on chest”
- nausea, vomiting
- cool, clammy, diaphoretic skin
- dyspnea
- high HR and BP initially
Prinzmetal angina
- caused by coronary artery spasm caused by increased intercellular calcium that leads to MI
- occur when resting and when exposed to cold
- triggered by smoking, alcohol consumption and cocaine use
