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Amboss Q Flashcards

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1
Q

Infectious mononucleosis increases risk of what

A

Splenic rupture
So avoid contact sports and strenuous actively for 4 weeks

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2
Q

Fe def anemia symptoms and RDW

A

⬆️ RDW

angular chelitis, koilonychia (spoon shaped con cavity)

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3
Q

<2 yr w/ Resp distress, cough, nasal congestion, wheezes, fever

A

Bronchilitis, RSV

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4
Q

Kallmann syndrome

A

X GnRH
X smell/taste
Male or female

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5
Q

Obese, hip pain, passive flexion=ext rot, abduction (Drehmann sign)

What, cause, treatment, age group

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (femoral displaced from hip joint)

Bc of unstable proximal growth plate instabulity

Surgical pin femoral head

10-16yr

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6
Q

Marfan

A

Myopia, lens subluxation

Aortic dissection/aneurysm, berry aneurysm

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7
Q

Normal puberty aged

A

Female-8-13
Male-9-14

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8
Q

21 hydroxylase def

A

Precocious puberty
(Girls- ambiguous genitalia)

Hypoglcemia, hypotension

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9
Q

Infants with sickle cell prophylaxis

A

Ab to pneumococcus till 5 yrs old

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10
Q

Weight loss in less than 5 days of life

A

Less than 7% normal
Gained back by 10-14 days

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11
Q

Congenital rubella

A

Bilateral cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, blueberry muffin rash, heart defect (PDA, Pulm A stenosis)

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12
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

Phenotype female, genes male

Form testes remain in inguinal canal/abd
Testosterone turns to estrogen
No ovaries/ uterus

Gonadectomy

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13
Q

Duoudenal vs jejuni atresia

A

Jujenal— triple bubble x-ray

Duod- double bubblr

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14
Q

Rosella Infantum

A

HHV6
3-5 day fever
Then truncal rash spreads to face and extremities
Lymphadenopathy

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15
Q

Measles

A

Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Then blanching rash (start at head)
Palate—koplik spots
Generalized lymphadenopathy

Paramyxovirus

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16
Q

Rubella

A

Maculopapulat rash starts head then to trunk
Post auto ulnar lymphadenopathy
Older-arthritis

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17
Q

Infants asplenic get what

A

Vaccines anddd penicillin OR amoxicillin till 5yr

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18
Q

Fixed wide split S2

A

Atrial septal defect

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19
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

HA, vision change, x CN, seizures

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20
Q

Orbital cellulitis

A

⬇️ vision, proptosis, painful eye movements

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21
Q

Preseptal cellulitis

A

Ocular pain and swelling/red

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22
Q

VACTERL association

A

Vertebral anomaly
Anal atresia
Cardiac anamoly
TEF
Renal anomaly
Limb malformation

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23
Q

21 hydroxylase def

A

Precocious puberty
Acne hypotension

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24
Q

11B hydroxylase def

A

HTN
precocious puberty

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25
17a hydroxylase def
HTN male w female genitalia Female with primary amenorrhea/delay puberty
26
Palivizumab
For RSV at risk infants
27
Chlamydia
Conjunctivitis 5-14 days after birth Pneumonia 4-12 wks after birth
28
Gonorrhea
Conjunctivitis 2-7dayd after birth Can lead to septic arthritis and disseminated infection
29
Shallow genital ulcers + lymphadenopathy
Herpes Diagnose w PCR Treat w acyclovir
30
Minimal change Dz
Nephrotic Fatty casts Lots proteinuria Treat—glucocorticoid, na restriction(edema control)
31
Bacterial rhinosinutisis
Greater than 10 days symptoms Probably post viral S pnuemo, Hib, moraxella Treat amoxicillin
32
Amoxicillin to EBV?
Morbilliform rash
33
Prolong aPTT
internal 8,12,11,9
34
Prolong PT
Extrinsic Fibrin form Vit k def Warfarin treatment
35
Vomiting on pH
Low Cl alkalosis Low na, k
36
Epididymitis 15-35 yr old (post puberty)
Dysuria, swell/pain, fever, leukocytosis Chlamydia, gonorrhea (nucleic acids amplification testing urine) + prehn- pain relief when lift
37
Epididymitis prepuberty and >35 yr
E. coli +prehn- pain relief when lift Leukocytosis, fever, pain/swell
38
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia main
Early secondary sexual characteristics Precocious puberty Virilization Bp high or low
39
Aramatase def
Ambiguous genitalia No secondary sexual characteristics Tall stature Osteoporosis (fractures)
40
Vomiting on pH and electrolytes
Alkalosis Low na, k, Cl
41
Turner’s syndrome on heart
Coarctation of aorta
42
Corticosteroids for asthma
In acute exacerbation where brnchodiaotors not working
43
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Systolic ejection murmur @ lower L sternal border ⬇️ squat ⬆️ valsalva
44
Mesonephric or wolffian duct gender
Male
45
Paramesonephric/Mullerian gender
Female
46
Müllerian duct agenesis
No fusion Uterus, cervix, upper 3rd vagina atresia Normal secondary sexual characteristics Primary amenorrhea Associatevjudney stuff, horseshoe kidney, renal agenesis
47
Gestational dm infant
Polycythemia (high hematocrit) Macrosomia (>4000 kg) Hypoglycemia (<50)
48
Ewing sarcoma
<20year Long bone diaphysis Lytic lesions Small round blue cells t, 11, 22 ⬆️ESR, leukocytosis Dark spot on x ray with onion skin around
49
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Age, symptoms, cell markers
2-5 yr Bone pain Fever Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy + PAS, cd10, cd19, TdT
50
Retroogaryngeal abscess w/ labored respirations treat?
1st step- endotracheal intubation Then surgically drain
51
Cyclic vomiting in less than 5yr treat
Cyproheptadine
52
Cyclic vomiting syndrome in greater than 5yr
Amitryptyline
53
Need IV can’t get periph venous access, other option?
Intraoaseous cannulation
54
Diagnose birch sprung
Rectal biopsy
55
Friedreich ataxia symptoms and gene
GAA repeat Dysphagia, insulin R, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, areflexia Ataxia and kyphoscolosis obv
56
Normal BF /24hr
8-12 per 24 hr
57
If not BF enough?
Jaundice W/ high unconjug bili Weight loss Dehydration
58
Asplenic at risk of what infections
Hib Strep pnuemo N meningitis
59
Medulloblastoma symptoms
Cerebellum 3-5yr Icp—-HA, ataxia, vomit
60
Intussusception symptoms/age/diagnostics
Colicky abd pain, no bile vomit Red/mucoid stools (currant jelly) Target sign on US ⬆️3-12 months age
61
Intussceptio ntreat
Air enema Monitor for 24 hours
62
Alpha thalassemia
Microcytic anemia ⬇️/normal RDW HbH—jaundice, anemia at birth
63
At risk of Fe def anemia infants
> 6 months—only BF or only cows milk Or premature birth
64
Cephalohematoma
Limited by suture lines Head swelling, assisted vaginal delivery
65
Capital saccedaneum
Cross suture lines Swelling may shift with movements Assisted delivery risk
66
DKA IV given?
0.9 saline + insulin
67
21 hydroxylase def treatment
Lifelong glucocorticoid therapy And hydrocortisone
68
Wiskott-Aldrich (3 symptoms)
Recurrent infections Eczema Thrombocytopenia Failure to thrive
69
Osteomyelitis pathogen in sickle cell
Salmonella
70
Galactosemia symptoms (5)
Jaundice Diarrhea Cataracts Hepatomegaly Hypoglycemia
71
Kawasaki
Fever >= 5 days Conjunctivitis Strawberry tongue Lymphadenopathy Leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytosis ESR Less than 5 yr ^^^
72
Leuprolide 1st line for what
Precocious puberty (central idiopathic) ⬆️LH and FSH
73
DKA and K
Decrease total body K even tho serum K normal or elevated
74
Carbamazepine SE
Aplastic anemia Pancytopenia and low reticulocytes Easy bruising
75
Laryngomalacia
Collapse supraglottic structures during inspiration Inspiration stridor Worse supine, feeding, crying Better prone on stomach
76
Necrotizing enterocolitis symptoms and findings
Distended abd, ⬇️ bowel sounds, diarrhea, hematochezia Gas in intestinal wall (pneumatosis intestinalis)
77
Testicular torsion
No cremasteric reflex (stroke ipsilateral thigh, no elevation of scrotum) Hypogastric tender, testicular tenderness, scrotal elevation and swelling
78
IgA vasculitis or HSP (henloch schloen purpura) symptoms (6) and treat
Viral infection before Colicky abd pain, vomit, blood stool, target sign (intussception), arthritis, hematuria, palpable purpura Supportive care only
79
Congenital hypothyroidism
Thyroid dysgenesis Poor feeding, lethargy, raspy/hoarse cry, jaundice, umbilical hernias, big head, large tongue, hypotonia
80
Transient synovitis symptoms and treat
Recent URI Hip pain No fever or low grade fever Normal ESR, normal WBC Joint effusion Treat NSAIDS and rest
81
Mccune-Albright syndrome
G protein mutation Cushing, acromegaly, hyperthyroidism Fractures, hyperpigmented spots (cafe au lait spots), precocious puberty ⬆️alk phos Bisphosponates
82
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis treatment
Pyleromyotomy But 1sr fluids and electrolytes to stabilize from vomit
83
vWD symptoms and treat
Epistaxis Heavy flow periods ⬆️PTT, ⬆️ bleeding time Normal plt counts Treat desmopressin
84
BUN/Cr in dehydration
>20
85
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
⬇️Na, thrombocytopenia Flu-like Rash @ ankles and wrists (then spreads to trunk, palms, soles)
86
Neohroblastoma (wilms)
Nontender abd mass Doesn’t cross midline Hematuria Incidental or sympt (HTN, abd pain)
87
Neuroblastoma
Abd mass Cross midline Constitutional symptoms (fever, weight loss, fail thrive)
88
Asthma with ⬇️wheezing, RR
Resp arrest may need intubation
89
IL-12 R def
⬇️IFN-y No defense against intracellular pathogens (salmonella, TB)
90
Severe ⬆️ triglycerides treat with
Fenofibrate
91
Gaucher
Anemia Thrombocytopenia Hepatosplenomegaly Growth delays Lipid filled macrophages (crumbled) Glucocerebrodase def
92
Anticholinergic symptoms (7)
Flushing Confused /Agitated mydriasis Tachycardia Urinary retention Dry/warm skin Constipation/⬇️bowel sounds
93
Treat Anticholinergic
Physostigmine
94
X linked agammaglobinemia (bruton)
Recurrent pyogenic infections (n meningitis strep pneumonia, Hib) (otitis media, pneumonias) Hypoplastic lymphoids Starts presenting at 3-6 months

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