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BSAeE 3-2 > AMCR COMPOSITES > Flashcards

AMCR COMPOSITES Flashcards

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1
Q

is a material composed of solid materials of carry-load that
are contained in a material much weaker.

A

Composite Material

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2
Q

is often referred to as the stronger material and the weaker
material is usually referred to as the matrix.

A

Reinforcement

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3
Q

The reinforcement provides the requisite ____________ that helps to
sustain the structural load.

A

Strength and Stiffness

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4
Q

5 Types of Fiber

A

Fiber Glass, Kevlar, Carbon / Graphite, Boron, Ceramic

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5
Q

Types of Fiberglass

A

Electrical glass or E-glass, S-glass, S2-glass

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6
Q

is identified as such for electrical applications. It has
high resistance to current flow and is made from borosilicate glass.

A

Electrical glass or E-glass

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7
Q

identify structural fiberglass that have a higher strength
than E-glass and is produced from magnesia-alumina-silicate.

A

S-glass and S2-glass

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8
Q

Advantages of fiberglass

A

○ lower cost than other
composite materials,
○ chemical or galvanic
corrosion resistance, and
○ electrical properties
(fiberglass does not conduct
electricity).

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9
Q

has a white color and is available as a dry fiber
fabric or prepreg material.

A

Fiberglass

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10
Q

are light weight, strong,
and tough.

A

Aramid fibers

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11
Q

DuPont’s name for aramid fibers.

A

Kevlar®

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12
Q

Two types of Aramid fiber are used in the aviation industry.

A

Kevlar® 49, Kevlar® 29

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13
Q

A Kevlar that has a high stiffness

A

Kevlar 49

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14
Q

A Kevlar that has a low stiffness

A

Kevlar 29

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15
Q

An advantage of aramid fibers is their

A

high resistance to impact damage

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16
Q

The main disadvantage of aramid
fibers is their general

A

weakness in compression and hygroscopy

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17
Q

are very stiff and strong, 3 to 10 times stiffer than
glass fibers. It is used for structural aircraft applications, such as floor beams,
stabilizers, flight controls, and primary fuselage and wing structure.

A

Carbon and Graphite Fibers

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18
Q

Advantages of Carbon and Graphite Fibers

A

high strength and corrosion resistance.

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19
Q

Disadvantages of Carbon and Graphite Fibers

A

lower conductivity than aluminum

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20
Q

are very stiff and have a high tensile and compressive strength. The fibers
have a relatively large diameter and do not flex well. Also. these are used to repair
cracked aluminum aircraft skins, because the thermal expansion of this is close
to aluminum and there is no galvanic corrosion potential.

A

Boron

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21
Q

are used for high-temperature applications, such as turbine
blades in a gas turbine engine.

A

Ceramic Fibers

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22
Q

The ceramic fibers can be used to temperatures up
to?

A

2,200 °F

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23
Q

Types of Matrix

A

Metal Matrix Composites, Ceramic Matrix Composites, Polymer Matrix Composites

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24
Q

are composed of a metallic matrix
(aluminum, magnesium, iron, cobalt, copper) and a dispersed ceramic (oxides,
carbides) or metallic (lead, tungsten, molybdenum) phase.

A

Metal Matrix Composites (MMC)

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25
are composed of a ceramic matrix and embedded fibers of other ceramic material (dispersed phase).
Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC)
26
are composed of a matrix from thermoset (Unsaturated Polyester (UP), Epoxy (EP)) or thermoplastic (Polycarbonate (PC),Polyvinylchloride, Nylon, Polysterene) and embedded glass, carbon, steel or Kevlar fibers (dispersed phase).
Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC)
27
a generic term used to designate the polymer.
Resin
28
Types of Resin
Thermoset, Thermoplastic
29
are the most diverse and widely used of all man-made materials. They are easily poured or formed into any shape, are compatible with most other materials, and cure readily (by heat or catalyst) into an insoluble solid. These resins are also excellent adhesives and bonding agents.
Thermosetting Resin
30
can be softened repeatedly by an increase of temperature and hardened by a decrease in temperature. Processing speed is the primary advantage of thermoplastic materials. Chemical curing of the material does not take place during processing, and the material can be shaped by molding or extrusion when it is soft.
Thermoplastic Resins
31
Types of Thermosetting Resins
Polyester, Vinyl Ester, Phenolic, Epoxy, Polyimides, Polybenzimidazoles, Bismaleimides
32
are relatively inexpensive, fast processing resins used generally for low cost applications. Low smoke producing ___________ are used for interior parts of the aircraft.
Polyester Resin
33
is the same as those of conventional polyester resins in terms of appearance, handling properties, and curing characteristics of _______. However, the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of _________ composites are much improved over standard polyester resin composites.
Vinyl Ester Resin
34
are used for interior components because of their low smoke and flammability characteristics.
Phenolic Resin
35
are polymerizable thermosetting resins and are available in a variety of viscosities from liquid to solid. These are used widely in resins for prepreg materials and structural adhesives.
Epoxy
36
excel in high-temperature environments where their thermal resistance, oxidative stability, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and solvent resistance benefit the design. Their primary uses are circuit boards and hot engine and airframe structures.
Polyimides
37
is extremely high temperature resistant and is used for high temperature materials.
Polybenzimidazoles
38
have a higher temperature capability and higher toughness than epoxy resins, and they provide excellent performance at ambient and elevated temperatures. Also, these are suitable for standard autoclave processing, injection molding, resin transfer molding, and sheet molded compound (SMC) among others.
Bismaleimides
39
Types of Thermoplastic Resins
Semicrystalline, Amorphous, Polyether Ether Ketone
40
possess properties of inherent flame resistance, superior toughness, good mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and after impact, and low moisture absorption. They are used in secondary and primary aircraft structures.
Semicrystalline Thermoplastics
41
are available in several physical forms, including films, filaments, and powders. Combined with reinforcing fibers, they are also available in injection molding compounds, compressive moldable random sheets, unidirectional tapes, woven prepregs, etc.
Amorphous Thermoplastics
42
a high temperature thermoplastic. This aromatic ketone material offers outstanding thermal and combustion characteristics and resistance to a wide range of solvents and proprietary fluids.
Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK)
43
Curing Stages of Resin
A, B, C
44
The components of the resin (base material and hardener) have been mixed but the chemical reaction has not started. The resin is in the ____ during a wet layup procedure.
A Stage
45
The components of the resin have been mixed and the chemical reaction has started. The material has thickened and is tacky. The resins of prepreg materials are in the ______.
B Stage
46
The resin is fully cured. Some resins cure at room temperature and others need an elevated temperature cure cycle to fully cure.
C Stage
47
3 Types of Adhesives
Film, Paste, Foaming
48
are available using high temperature aromatic amine or catalytic curing agents with a wide range of flexibilizing and toughening agents.
Film Adhesives
49
are used as an alternative to film adhesive. These are often used to secondary bond repair patches to damaged parts and also used in places where film adhesive is difficult to apply.
Paste Adhesives
50
are about 0.025-inch to 0.10-inch thick sheets of B staged epoxy.
Foaming Adhesives
51
12 Core Materials
Honeycomb Kraft Paper Thermoplastics Aluminum Steel Specialty Metals Aramid Paper Fiberglass Carbon Ceramics Foam Balsa Wood
52
The most common core material used for aircraft ________ structures is aramid paper (Nomex® or Korex®). Fiberglass is used for higher strength applications.
Honeycomb
53
Relatively low strength, good insulating properties, is available in large quantities, and has a low cost.
Kraft Paper
54
Good insulating properties, good energy absorption and/or redirection, smooth cell walls, moisture and chemical resistance, are environmentally compatible, aesthetically pleasing, and have a relatively low cost.
Thermoplastic
55
best strength-to-weight ratio and energy absorption, has good heat transfer properties, electromagnetic shielding properties, has smooth, thin cell walls, is machinable, and has a relatively low cost.
Aluminum
56
Good heat transfer properties, electromagnetic shielding properties, and heat resistant.
Steel
57
Relatively high strength-to- weight ratio, good heat transfer properties, chemical resistance, and heat resistant to very high temperatures.
Specialty Metals (Titanium)
58
Flame resistant, fire retardant, good insulating properties, low dielectric properties, and good formability.
Aramid Paper
59
Tailorable shear properties by layup, low dielectric properties, good insulating properties, and good formability.
Fiberglass
60
Good dimensional stability and retention, high-temperature property retention, high stiffness, very low coefficient of thermal expansion, tailorable thermal conductivity, relatively high shear modulus, and very expensive.
Carbon
61
Heat resistant to very high temperatures, good insulating properties, is available in very small cell sizes, and very expensive.
Ceramics
62
used on homebuilts and lighter aircraft to give strength and shape to wing tips, flight controls, fuselage sections, wings, and wing ribs. These are not commonly used on commercial type aircraft. These are typically heavier than honeycomb and not as strong.
Foam Core
63
a natural wood product with elongated closed cells; it is available in a variety of grades that correlate to the structural, cosmetic, and physical characteristics.
Balsa Wood
64
Properties of a Core Material
High Strength to Weight Ratio Lightweight Fire Resistant Chemical & Weathering Resistant Color Translucency Design Flexibility Low Thermal Conductivity Manufacturing Economy
65
Fiber composites are extremely strong for their weight. By refining the laminate many characteristics can be enhanced.
High Strength-to-Weight Ratio
66
A standard Fiberglass laminate has a specific gravity in the region of 1.5, compared to Alloy of 2.7 or steel of 7.8.
Lightweight
67
The ability for composites to withstand fire has been steadily improving over the years.
Fire Resistant
68
resist the attack of a wide range of chemicals. Because of this, they are used in the manufacture of chemical storage tanks, pipes, chimneys and ducts, boat hulls and vehicle bodies.
Chemical & Weathering Resistant
69
Most are naturally pigmented. Costs are therefore reduced by no further finishing or painting. Dark colors are not recommended which absorbs excessive heat.
Color
70
Polyester resins are widely used to manufacture translucent mouldings and sheets. Light transmission of up to 85% can be achieved.
Translucency
71
Because of the versatility of composites, product design is only limited by your imagination.
Design Flexibility
72
seems to be most competitive or superior to a composite based design in an aircraft.
Aluminum Lithium alloy material
73
Aerospace Aluminum Alloys
2014 - Medium strength 2024 - Damage tolerant 2090 - High Strength aluminum lithium alloy 2195 - wieldable, Al-Li Alloy; low temp 2219 - Weld able; low & elevated temp 2618 - elevated temp 6013 - Corrosion Resistant 7010,7050,7055 - High Strength 7075 - High Strength, tough 8009, 8019 - Elevated Temp 8090 - Damage tolerant of Al-Li alloy
74
Comparison of Al-Li Alloy with Composites
● Al-Li alloys are more cost-effective, have higher damage tolerance, and easier manufacturing processes than composites. ● Al-Li alloys are fully recyclable, while composites are practically non-recyclable.
75
Nano-Technology Applications
● Nanotechnology enhances structures, modifies surfaces, and provides new sensor and manufacturing technologies. ● Advanced aircraft materials find applications in the automotive industry for enhanced durability and cost-effectiveness.
76
Isotropic vs Anastropic
Isotropic material - uniform strength in all directions Anastropic material – strength in limited number of directions

BSAeE 3-2 (35 decks)

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