AMD & CONJUNCTIVITIS

Question 1

Happens when aging causes irreversible damage to the macula (portion of the retina that processes sharp, clear, and straight-ahead vision)

Answer 1

Age-related Macular Degeneration

Question 2

Most common cause of irreversible central vision loss in older adults

Answer 2

Age-related Macular Degeneration

Question 3

Risk Factors of Age-related Macular Degeneration

Answer 3

-Age (Increasing)
- Family History
- Iris is light colored
- Smoking
-Long-term UV exposure
- Increased BMI
- Far sightedness
- Elevated CRP

Question 4

Responsible for central vision

Answer 4

Macula

Question 5

Two types of AMD

Answer 5

1. Dry AMD
2. Wet AMD

Question 6

Non-exudative Type

Answer 6

Dry AMD

Question 7

Exudative Type

Answer 7

Wet AMD

Question 8

-most common
- outer layers of the retina slowly breakdown followed by appearance of drusen

Answer 8

Dry AMD

Question 9

Tiny, yellow spots

Answer 9

Drusen

Question 10

-More severe form
- More rapid onset and is characterized by the development of abnormal blood vessels in or near the macula
-Stimulate vasoproliferation

Answer 10

Wet AMD

Question 11

It promotes neovascularization and stimulates vasoproliferation

Answer 11

Vasoendothelial growth factor (VEGF)

Question 12

What is the characteristics of DRY AMD?

Answer 12

DRUSEN

Question 13

Manifestation of DRY AMD

Answer 13

Metamorphopsia

Question 14

Characteristics of Wet AMD

Answer 14

Neovascularization

Question 15

Manifestation of WET AMD

Answer 15

Central Scotoma

Question 16

Blind Spot

Answer 16

Central Scotoma

Question 17

What is the Diagnostic of AMD?

Answer 17

Amsler Grid Test

Question 18

Used to detect presence or progression of visual distortions in AMD cases

Answer 18

Amsler Grid Test

Question 19

Distortion of Vision

Answer 19

Metamorphopsia

Question 20

Blind spots in the visual field

Answer 20

Central Scotoma

Question 21

Medical Management of DRY AMD

Answer 21

No known management

Question 23

Medical Management of WET AMD

Answer 23

VEGF Inhibitor
-Ranibizumab (Lucentis)
- Bevacizumab (Avastin)
Given intravitreally

Question 24

is the inflammation of the conjunctiva

Answer 24

Conjunctivitis

Question 25

What is the etiology of conjunctivitis?

Answer 25

Bacterial - Streptococcus Pneumoniae - Staphylococcus aureus Viral -Adenovirus

Question 26

What is the Mode of Transmission of Conjunctivitis?

Answer 26

Direct Contact

Question 27

Clinical Manifestations of Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Answer 27

-Conjunctival hyperemia - Acute onset of redness, burning sensation, and discharge - Exudates which are usually present on waking in the morning - Difficulty opening the eyes

Question 28

What is the Management of Bacterial Conjunctivitis?

Answer 28

-Antibiotic therapy, as ordered -First-line: Aminoglycosides -Second-line: Fluoroquinolones

Question 29

Highly contagious from 10 to 12 days from onset

Answer 29

Viral Conjunctivitis

Question 30

Self-limiting x 2-4 weeks

Answer 30

Viral Conjunctivitis

Question 31

It usually follows URTI

Answer 31

Viral Conjunctivitis

Question 32

Clinical Manifestations of Viral Conjunctivitis

Answer 32

-Conjunctival hyperemia - Watery eye discharge - Extreme photophobia - Tearing, redness, and foreign-body sensation

Question 33

A highly contagious viral conjunctivitis

Answer 33

Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis

Question 34

Easily transmissible among household members, schoolchildren, and health care workers

Answer 34

Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis

Question 35

Prevalent during summertime when people use swimming pools

Answer 35

Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis

Question 36

Clinical Manifestations of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis

Answer 36

-Conjunctival hyperemia (redness of the eye) - Pre-auricular lymphadenopathy - Periorbital pain

Question 37

Prevention of Viral Conjunctivitis

Answer 37

1. Good hand hygiene 2. Avoid touching the eyes 3. Avoid sharing towels, linens, and cosmetics

Question 38

Medical Management of Viral Conjunctivitis

Answer 38

-Isolate the patient - Instruct to discontinue contact lenses until manifestations resolves - Cold compress on affected eye - Artificial tears may be used to relieve sandy sensation on eyes - Antihistamines, as ordered for severe itching