Eye and Ear Disorders (CATARACT)

Question 1

Parts of the Anterior Eye

Answer 1

-Cornea
- Iris
-Pupil
-Lens

Question 2

Parts of the Posterior Eye

Answer 2

-Sclera
-Choroid
-Retina

Question 3

-Anterior most portion of the eyeball
-Serves as main refracting surface

Answer 3

Cornea

Question 4

-Highly vascularized pigmented collection of fibers

Answer 4

Iris

Question 5

-Round opening in the center of the iris
-Changes its size to let light into the eye

Answer 5

Pupil

Question 6

-Avascular and transparent biconvex structure which focuses light to the retina

Answer 6

Lens

Question 7

-White avascular outermost layer

Answer 7

Sclera

Question 8

-Middle vascular layer

Answer 8

Choroid

Question 9

-Innermost layer and an extension of the optic nerve

Answer 9

Retina

Question 10

Is a disease which causes cloudiness or opacity of the lens

Answer 10

Cataract

Question 11

Leading cause of blindness worldwide

Answer 11

Cataract

Question 12

Most common cause of cataract?

Answer 12

Aging

Question 13

Most common preventable causes of cataract?

Answer 13

-Smoking
- UV radiation experience

Question 14

Toxic Factors of Cataract

Answer 14

-Alkaline chemical eye burns
-Calcium, copper, iron, gold, silver, mercury
-Ionizing radiation

Question 15

Nutritional Factors of Cataract

Answer 15

-Obesity
-Poor Nutrition
- Reduced level of antioxidants

Question 16

Physical Factors of Cataract

Answer 16

-Blunt Trauma
- Electric Shock
- Dehydration

Question 17

Systemic Diseases of Cataract

Answer 17

-Diabetes
-Down syndrome

Question 18

What are the cataract classification?

Answer 18

-Senile cataracts
-Traumatic cataracts
-Congenital
-Secondary

Question 19

Those associated with aging

Answer 19

Senile cataracts

Question 20

Those associated with injury

Answer 20

Traumatic cataracts

Question 21

Those that occur at birth

Answer 21

Congenital

Question 22

Those with occur following other eye or systemic disorders

Answer 22

Secondary

Question 23

Clinical Manifestations of Cataract

Answer 23

-Painless, blurry vision
- Visible lens opacity

Question 24

What are the prevention of Cataract?

Answer 24

-Smoking cessation
- Weight reduction
-Good glucose control if diabetic
- Wearing of tinted sunglasses when outdoors

Question 25

What's the indication for Surgical Management in Cataract?

Answer 25

-Advised ONLY when cataracts interfere with normal activities -Performed on an outpatient basis -If both eyes are affected: One eye is treated first, with at least several weeks, preferably months, separating the two procedures

Question 26

A method of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE)

Answer 26

Phacoemulsification

Question 27

A ultrasonic device liquefies the lens nucleus and cortex and then suctioned through a tube

Answer 27

Phacoemulsification

Question 28

A person with no natural lens and is very far-sighted

Answer 28

Aphakic

Question 29

What are the approaches to lens replacement?

Answer 29

-Aphakic eyeglasses -Contact lenses -Intraocular lens (IOL) implants

Question 30

Magnifies objects by 25% making them appear close than they actually are

Answer 30

Aphakic eyeglasses

Question 31

Provides normal vision but has to be removed occasionally; has a high risk of infection

Answer 31

Contact Lenses

Question 32

Most common approach to lens replacement

Answer 32

Intraocular Lens (IOL) Implants

Question 33

Phacoemulsification (Pre-Operative Care)

Answer 33

-Patient is advised to stop taking alpha- antagonist (e.g., tamsulosin) as these may cause intraoperative floppy iris syndrome -Administer mydriatic eye drops, as ordered -Health Teaching: Self- administration of eye drops/ointments

Question 34

What's the purpose of administering mydriatic eye drops in pre-operative care of phacoemulsification?

Answer 34

-To dilate pupils allowing more access to diseased lens

Question 35

Phacoemulsification (Post-Operative Care)

Answer 35

-Post operative position: Unaffected side -Eye patch is worn for the first 24 hours after surgery -Eyeglasses are worn at day and eye shield is worn at night for the first week -Reinforce instructions on eyedrops administration -Instruct on daily dressing change -Discharge Teaching: Home Care

Question 36

Home Care S/P Phacoemulsification

Answer 36

-Always wash hands before touching or cleaning the postoperative eye - Clean postoperative eye with a clean tissue; wipe the closed eye with a single gesture from the inner canthus outward. - When bathing or showering, shampoo hair cautiously or seek assistance. - Avoid lying on the side of the affected eye the night after surgery - Keep activity light (e.g.., walking, reading, watching television). Resume the following activities only as directed by the ophthalmologist: driving, sexual activity, unusually strenuous activity. -Avoid lifting, pushing, or pulling objects heavier than 15 pounds. - Avoid bending or stooping for an extended period. - Be careful when climbing or descending stair. -Slight morning discharge, some redness, and a scratchy feeling may be expected for a few days (Use a clean, damp washcloth to remove morning discharges) -WOF: floaters (dots) in vision, flashing lights, decrease in vision, pain, or increase in redness occurs.