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MS 2 > MANAGEMENT OF STROKE > Flashcards

MANAGEMENT OF STROKE Flashcards

1
Q

Functional abnormality of the central nervous system that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is disrupted

A

Stroke

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2
Q

Medical Emergency

A

Stroke

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3
Q

Two type of Stroke

A
  1. Ischemic (87%)
  2. Hemorrhagic (13%)
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4
Q

Presence of vascular occlusion resulting to a significant hypoperfusion

A

Ischemic

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5
Q

Blood extravasates into the brain tissue or subarachnoid space

A

Hemorrhagic

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6
Q

Risk factors of Stroke

A

(HANDOS DRAGDEN FAMILY)

-Hypertension
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Not Physically Active
-Diabetes Mellitus
-Obesity
-Smoking

-Dyslipidemia
-Race
- Age >55 years old
- Gender
- Drug Addiction
- ETOH dependence
- Nutrition and Dietary Factors
Family History

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7
Q

Management of High Risk

A

-Provide Health Teaching on reduction strategies
- Facilitate consultation with physician

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8
Q

Low Risk Management

A

Health Promotion Activities

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9
Q

results from a sudden loss of functioning resulting from a disruption of blood supply to a part of the brain

A

Ischemic Stroke

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10
Q

Blood flow to an area of the brain stops due to an occlusion by a blood clot

A

Ischemic Stroke

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11
Q

Precipitating Factor of Thrombotic Stroke

A

-Hypertension
-Diabetes Mellitus

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12
Q

Pathophysiology of Thrombotic Stroke

A

Blood clot resulting from a blood vessel injury occludes arterial blood flow to specific areas of the brain

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13
Q

Incidence by Gender in Thrombotic Stroke

A

Men > Women

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14
Q

Onset of Manifestations of Thrombotic Stroke

A

Slow-onset

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15
Q

Precipitating Factor of Embolic Stroke

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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16
Q

Pathophysiology of Embolic Stroke

A

Blood clot circulates with blood and ultimately lodges in any of the cerebral artery causing disruption of blood flow

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17
Q

Incidence by gender

A

Men > Women

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18
Q

Onset of Manifestations of Embolic Stroke

A

Sudden-onset

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19
Q

An area of low CBF

A

Penumbra Region

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20
Q

Ischemic brain tissue that may be salvaged with timely interventions

A

Penumbra Region

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21
Q

Results from bleeding into the brain tissue itself or into the subarachnoid space or ventricles

A

Hemorrhagic Stroke

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22
Q

Precipitating Factor of Intracerebral

A

Hypertension

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23
Q

Pathophysiology of Intracerebral

A

Persistently elevated blood pressure causes the artery to rupture

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24
Q

Incidence by gender in Intracerebral

A

Women > Men

25
Onset of Manifestations in Intracerebral
Activity-related
26
Prognosis of Intracerebral
Poor- 50% of deaths occur within the first 48 hours
27
Precipitating Factor of Subarachnoid
1. Aneurysms 2. Head Trauma 3. Cocaine Abuse
28
Pathophysiology of Subarachnoid
A dilated and weakened portion of an artery ruptures secondary to elevated blood pressure
29
Incidence by gender in Subarachnoid
Women > Men
30
Onset of Manifestations in Subarachnoid
Activity-related (Acute)
31
Prognosis in Subarachnoid
Worsens if with declining level of consciousness
32
Blood flow to an area of the brain stops due to rupture of the artery
Hemorrhagic Stroke
33
What is the early warning sign of hemorrhagic stroke?
-Headache -Seizures are common
34
Motor Deficits in Stroke
-Hemiparesis - Hemiplegia - Ataxia - Dysphagia - Dysarthria
35
WEAKNESS of the face, arm, and leg on the same side
Hemiparesis
36
PARALYSIS of the face, arm, and leg on the same side
Hemiplegia
37
Staggering, unsteady gait Unable to keep feet together; needs broad base to stand
Ataxia
38
Difficulty Swallowing
Dysphagia
39
-Difficulty forming words -Occurs when the muscles used for speech are weakened or the patient has difficulty controlling them -Nasal, slurred speech
Dysarthria
40
Sensation of numbness, tingling, or a “pins and needles” sensation Difficulty with proprioception
Paresthesia
41
Inability to communicate
Aphasia
42
Inability to express self. Unable to form words that are understandable; may speak in single- word responses
Expressive Aphasia
43
Inability to understand language; Unable to comprehend the spoken word; can speak but may not make sense.
Receptive Aphasia
44
Combination of receptive and expressive aphasias
Global Aphasia
45
Nursing Care of Hemiparesis
-Place objects within the patient’s reach on the non- affected side -Instruct the patient to exercise and increase strength on the affected side
46
Nursing Care of Hemiplegia
-Encourage the patient to provide ROM exercises to the affected side -Provide immobilization as needed to affected side -Maintain body alignment in functional position -Exercise unaffected limb to increase mobility, strength, and use
47
Nursing Care of Ataxia
-Support patient during the initial ambulation phase -Provide supportive devices for ambulation -Instruct patient not to walk without assistance or supportive devices
48
Nursing Care of Dysphagia
* Test the patient's pharyngeal reflexes before offering food or fluids * Assist the patient with meals * Place food on the unaffected side of the mouth * Allow ample time to eat
49
Nursing Care of Dysarthria
-Provide the patient with alternative methods of communicating -Allow patient sufficient time to respond to verbal communication -Support patient and family to alleviate frustration related to difficulty communicating
50
Nursing Care of Paresthesia
-Instruct patient that sensation may be altered -Provide range of motion to affected areas and apply corrective devices as needed
51
Nursing Care of Expressive Aphasia
-Encourage patient to repeat sounds of the alphabet -Explore the patient’s ability to write as an alternative means of communication
52
Nursing Care of Receptive Aphasia
-Speak clearly and in an unhurried manner to assist the patient in forming the sounds -Explore the patient’s ability to read as an alternative means of communication
53
Nursing Care of Global Aphasia
-Speak clearly and in simple sentences; use gestures or pictures when able -Establish alternative means of communication
54
Nursing Care of Homonymous Hemianopsia
-Place object within intact field of vision -Approach the patient from side of intact field of vision -Instruct/remind patient to turn head in the direction of visual loss to compensate for loss of visual field -Encourage the use of eyeglasses if available -When educating patients, do so within patient’s intact visual field
55
-Unaware of persons or objects on side of visual loss -Neglect of one side of the body -Difficulty judging distances
Homonymous Hemianopsia
56
-Difficulty seeing at night -Unaware of objects or the borders of objects
Loss of Peripheral Vision
57
Double Vision
Diplopia
58

MS 2 (27 decks)

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