Amenorrhoea Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is amenorrhoea?
Absence or abnormal cessation of spontaneous menstruation in a woman of reproductive age.
Define primary amenorrhoea.
No menstruation by age 16 with secondary sexual characteristics, or age 14 without them.
Define secondary amenorrhoea.
Absence of menses for 6 months after menstruation has already begun.
What is oligomenorrhoea?
Menstrual cycles occurring at intervals longer than 35 days.
How is amenorrhoea classified?
By timing (primary/secondary), cause (physiologic/pathologic), or anatomical level.
What is the prevalence of primary vs secondary amenorrhoea?
Secondary is more common; primary <1%.
Name three groups with higher prevalence of amenorrhoea.
Athletes, adolescents, perimenopausal women, HIV-positive women.
Why is amenorrhoea clinically significant?
It’s a symptom, may signal serious conditions, and causes anxiety.
List physiological causes of primary amenorrhoea.
Prepubertal state.
List physiological causes of secondary amenorrhoea.
Pregnancy, lactation, perimenopause, menopause.
Name genetic causes of primary pathological amenorrhoea.
Turner syndrome, Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS).
What are some central causes of primary pathological amenorrhoea?
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (delayed puberty, CNS tumours).
List outflow tract abnormalities that cause primary amenorrhoea.
Mullerian agenesis, imperforate hymen, transverse vaginal septum.
Mention three metabolic/endocrine causes of primary amenorrhoea.
Obesity, type 1 diabetes mellitus, thyroid/adrenal dysfunction.
Name three causes of secondary amenorrhoea involving the uterus or vagina.
Asherman’s syndrome, labial agglutination, vaginal atresia.
Which ovarian conditions cause secondary amenorrhoea?
Premature ovarian failure (POF), PCOS.
What pituitary disorders can cause secondary amenorrhoea?
Prolactinoma, Sheehan’s syndrome.
Which hypothalamic condition can cause secondary amenorrhoea?
Craniopharyngioma.
List two systemic illnesses that can cause secondary amenorrhoea.
Tuberculosis, HIV, malnutrition, severe anaemia.
What are the key components of amenorrhoea evaluation?
History, physical examination, and investigations.
What features guide assessment in primary amenorrhoea?
Presence of breasts, pubic hair, uterus, and signs of puberty.
What physical signs may indicate Turner’s syndrome?
Short stature, webbed neck, wide carrying angle.
Why is inguinal swelling noted in amenorrhoea assessment?
May contain testes in AIS or disorders of sexual development.
What hormone tests are done if breasts are developed in primary amenorrhoea?
FSH, LH, oestradiol (E2).
