Gynaecological Problems in Children and Adolescents Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the most common cause of vaginal bleeding in newborn girls?
Withdrawal of maternal oestrogens.
What is labial agglutination and how does it present?
Fusion of the labia minora in the midline, may present with urinary symptoms or be asymptomatic.
What is the first-line treatment for labial fusion in prepubertal girls?
Topical oestrogen cream and proper hygiene.
What is the typical cause of vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls?
Non-specific infection due to poor perineal hygiene and lack of oestrogen.
What are common symptoms of vulvovaginitis in children?
Vaginal discharge, itching, redness, dysuria.
What hygiene advice should be given to a child with vulvovaginitis?
Wipe front to back, avoid irritants, ensure regular bathing.
What is lichen sclerosus and how does it present in girls?
Chronic skin condition causing white, shiny patches and itching around the vulva.
What is the mainstay of treatment for lichen sclerosus?
Topical corticosteroids like clobetasol.
What is the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents?
Anovulatory cycles due to immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
Define primary amenorrhoea.
Absence of menstruation by age 15 with normal secondary sexual characteristics, or by 13 without them.
What are the two main types of amenorrhoea in adolescents?
Primary and secondary amenorrhoea.
What is imperforate hymen and what symptom may it cause in adolescents?
Congenital condition causing haematocolpos and cyclical abdominal pain.
What are some causes of delayed puberty in girls?
Constitutional delay, chronic illness, hypothalamic or pituitary disorders.
What features suggest polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescents?
Irregular menses, acne, hirsutism, obesity.
What is the role of ultrasound in diagnosing PCOS in adolescents?
Limited; diagnosis is mainly clinical based on symptoms and hormone profile.
What is the treatment goal in adolescent PCOS?
Restore menstrual regularity and prevent long-term complications like insulin resistance.
What is precocious puberty?
Onset of secondary sexual characteristics before age 8 in girls.
What is the difference between central and peripheral precocious puberty?
Central is GnRH-dependent; peripheral is GnRH-independent.
What investigations are required for evaluating precocious puberty?
Bone age, pelvic ultrasound, LH/FSH, brain imaging (MRI).
What is the treatment of central precocious puberty?
GnRH analogues.
What psychosocial problems can gynaecological disorders cause in adolescents?
Low self-esteem, depression, body image issues.
Why is early diagnosis of gynaecological problems in adolescents important?
To ensure proper development, prevent complications and improve quality of life.
