Benign and Malignant Tumours of the Cervix Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the common types of benign cervical tumours?
Endocervical polyps, cervical fibroids, endometriosis, microglandular hyperplasia, papilloma, mesonephric remnants, adenofibroma, heterologous tissue, haemangioma
What is the most common benign cervical neoplasm?
Endocervical polyps
What are the clinical features of endocervical polyps?
Often asymptomatic; may cause leucorrhoea or post-coital spotting
What is the treatment for endocervical polyps?
Removal with ringed forceps or punch biopsy; thick pedicle may require surgery
What are cervical fibroids and how are they managed?
Benign smooth muscle tumours; usually small, treated only if symptomatic
How does cervical endometriosis usually present?
Incidental finding; may cause post-coital bleeding or appear as a bluish lesion
What is the aetiology of cervical endometriosis?
Implants enter cervix during childbirth or surgery
What are some rare benign tumours of the cervix?
Microglandular hyperplasia, mesonephric remnants, papillary adenofibroma, cervical haemangioma
What is the global burden of cervical cancer?
500,000 new cases/year; 80% in developing countries; 300,000 deaths/year
What is the most common gynaecological cancer in Nigeria?
Cervical cancer
What is the key causative agent of cervical cancer?
Persistent HPV infection
List five risk factors for HPV infection and cervical cancer.
Early sexual activity, multiple partners, promiscuous partners, smoking, immunosuppression
What is the most common symptom of cervical cancer?
Abnormal vaginal bleeding (postcoital, intermenstrual, postmenopausal)
What are other symptoms of cervical cancer?
Malodorous discharge, dysuria, haematuria, back pain, haematochezia
What signs are seen in advanced cervical cancer?
Leg oedema, hepatomegaly, abnormal cervix, parametrial or rectal mass
What are the two main histological types of cervical cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma (85%), adenocarcinoma (15%)
What are the three modes of spread of cervical cancer?
Local infiltration, lymphatic spread, haematogenous spread
What is FIGO Stage I cervical cancer?
Cancer confined to the cervix
What is FIGO Stage III cervical cancer?
Involves pelvic wall or lower third of vagina; may cause hydronephrosis
How is cervical cancer evaluated?
EUA + biopsy, imaging (X-ray, ultrasound, CT, MRI), cystoscopy, IV urography
What is the treatment for early-stage cervical cancer?
Surgical removal (radical hysterectomy + lymph node dissection)
What is the standard treatment for loco-regional disease?
Combined chemotherapy and radiation (chemoradiation)
What treatment options exist for metastatic cervical cancer?
Palliative chemotherapy or radiation
What are the main modalities of chemoradiation?
External beam radiation (teletherapy) + brachytherapy
