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Organic Chemistry Year 2 > Amines > Flashcards

Flashcards in Amines Deck (23)
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1
Q

how do you name amines

A

-amine or - amino-

2
Q

why are amines so reactive

A

the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen due to the polar N-H bond

3
Q

what shape are amines around the N

A

trigonal pyramidal

107

4
Q

intermolecular forces

A

hydrogen bonding due to polar N-H bond and lone pair of electrons

5
Q

what state are amines at 298K

A

short chains gases

longer are volatile liquids

6
Q

what do they smell of

A

fish

7
Q

which primary amines are soluble in water/alcohols

A

up to 4 carbon atoms

s they can hydrogen bond to water molecules

8
Q

solubility of phenylamine

A

not very

non polarity of the benzene ring

9
Q

when do amines act as a base

A

when they bond with H+

10
Q

when do amines act as a nucleophile

A

when the bond with an electron-deficient C atom

11
Q

what is the product from the basic action of an amine with water

A

RNH3+ which forms a salt with an anion

12
Q

how could you regenerate the soluble amine from the ammonium salt

A

add a strong base which removes H+ ions from ammonium ion

13
Q

in order to be the strongest base, what must a particular amine have

A

greatest electron density around the N atom, making it a better electron pair donor

14
Q

what does positive/negative inductive effect mean

A

positive inductive effect = donate electrons, increase density around N
negative … = removes electrons, decrease density around N

15
Q

what effect do alkyl groups have on electron density and base strength

A

positive inductive effect- increase electron density around N so a stronger base

16
Q

what effect do aryl groups have on electron density and base strength

A

negative inductive effect- decrease electron density around N so a weaker base

17
Q

why are 3’ amines never good bases

A

insoluble in water

18
Q

how can primary amines then form 2’, 3’ and 4’ ammonium ions

A

multiple substitutions

primary amine is a nucleophile that attacks the original haloalkane

19
Q

what type of mechanism is the reaction of a haloalkane with a cyanide ion
conditions

A

nucleophilic substitution

ethanol, nitrile is formed

20
Q

how do you get from a nitrile to a primary amine

A

reduction using nickel

hydrogen catalyst

21
Q

conditions to form nitrobenzene from benzene

A

conc H2SO4

HNO3

22
Q

ammonium chloride salt from nitrobenzene

A

tin
HCl
room temp

23
Q

what are cationic surfactants

A

quaternary ammonium salts with a cation that is charged at one end and non polar at the other