amino acid catabolism

Question 1

what % of energy production is from amino acid catabolism

Answer 1

10-15

Question 2

how many catabolic pathways converge to form 5 products

Answer 2

20

Question 3

what are the 5 products formed

Answer 3

acetyl CoA
A-Ketogluterate
succinyl CoA
fumarate
oxaloacetate

Question 4

which of the 5 products cant be used to produce glucose

Answer 4

acetyl CoA

Question 5

which of the products are assosiated with the TCA cycle

Answer 5

A-Ketogluterate
succinyl CoA
fumarate
oxaloacetate

Question 6

which amino acids are used in energy production

Answer 6

glutamine- white blood cells and intestinal
epithelial cells- any dividing cell
branched chain amino acids- skeletal muscles

Question 7

what are the features of glutamine

Answer 7

source of A-ketoglutarate
preferred fuel for some rapidly dividing cells, such as white blood cells and intestinal epithelial cells (spares glucose)

Question 8

which branched chain amino acids are used as fuel in the skelteal muscles

Answer 8

valine, leucine and isoleucine

Question 9

what are branched chain amino acids transanimated to produced

Answer 9

branched chain a-ketoacids

Question 10

what substance is involved in maple syrup urine disease

Answer 10

branched chain A-ketoaciduria

Question 11

describe maple syrup urine disease

Answer 11

genetic deficiency of branched chain A-ketoacid dehydrogenase

Question 12

what happens if maple syrup urine disease is left untreated

Answer 12

seizures and eventually a coma

Question 13

what does catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine generate

Answer 13

simultaneously produces acetyl CoA and fumarate

Question 14

what do the substances produced from the catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine get used for

Answer 14

The TCA cycle

Question 15

what happens due to phenylketonuria

Answer 15

the secondary pathway of phenylalanine metabolism is recruited
phenylalanine undergoes transamination with pyruvate to yield phenylpyruvate

Question 16

what is elevated due to phenylketonuria

Answer 16

phenylpyruvate and phynelalaine in the blood and urine

Question 17

what does phynylketonuria cause

Answer 17

impairs normal brain development and can cause tyrosine deficiency

Question 18

what is methonine degraded to

Answer 18

succinyl-CoA

Question 19

what stops the conversion of methionine to homocysteine

Answer 19

a lack of Vitamin Bs

Question 20

what is wrong with having too much homocytesine

Answer 20

it is toxic and increases cardiovascular deficits

Question 21

what does methionine act as

Answer 21

a methyl donor

Question 22

what is folate involved in

Answer 22

the catabolism of glycine

Question 23

what can glycine be used as

Answer 23

a methylene donor for biosynthetic reactions

Question 24

where is the methylene group donated to

Answer 24

tetrahydrofolate

Question 25

which amino acids does A-ketoglutarate biosynthesise

Answer 25

glutamate and glutamine

Question 26

what amino acids does ornithine biosynthesise

Answer 26

arginine and proline

Question 27

what amino acids does pyruvate biosynthesise

Answer 27

alanine

Question 28

what amino acids does 3-phosphoglycerate biosynthesise

Answer 28

serine, glycine and cysteine

Question 29

what amino acids does oxaloacetate biosynthesis

Answer 29

asaparte and asparagine

Question 30

what does the syntheisis of cysteine require

Answer 30

methionine

Question 31

what does the synthesis of tyrosine require

Answer 31

phenylalanine

Question 32

describe porphyrins

Answer 32

synthesised from succinyl CoA and glycine
porphyrin is nucleus has critical important to heme proteins such as haemoglobin

Question 33

what is cysteine required for

Answer 33

cross-bridge formation linking peptide chains

Question 34

what are amino acids converted into and what converts them

Answer 34

biological amines
decarboxylation (eg neurotransmitters)