The TCA cycle Flashcards

1
Q

where does the TCA cycle take place

A

the mitochondria

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2
Q

what pathways happen before the TCA

A

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

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3
Q

what condenses to form Citrate (6C)

A

acetate (2C) and oxaloacetate (4C)

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4
Q

what else is produced from the TCA apart from citrate

A

CO2, GTP, NADH and FADH2. oxaloacetate is also regenerated

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5
Q

each acetyl CoA that turns the cycle produces what

A

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP, 2 CO2

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6
Q

what is the first chemical compound in the cycle

A

acetyl CoA

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7
Q

where do the 2 NADH that are produced go

A

Electron Transport Chain

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8
Q

where does the 1 FADH2 produced go

A

Electron Transport Chain

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9
Q

where does the 1 GTP produced go

A

becomes ATP

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10
Q

where does the 2 CO2 produced go

A

waste

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11
Q

explain the role of succinate Q-reductase

A

an enzyme that converts succinate to fumarate

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12
Q

where is succinate Q-reductase

A

embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane

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13
Q

for each acetyl CoA that turns the TCA cycle how many ATP does it theoretically produce

A

12

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14
Q

what makes up the 12 theoretically produced ATP from the TCA Cycle

A

GTP = 1ATP
3 NADH = 9 ATP
FADH2 = 2 ATP

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15
Q

what is linked to the energy status, in terms of the regulation of the TCA cycle

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase activity

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16
Q

what happens if you increase ATP in the TCA cycle

A

inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase and the TCA cycle slows down

17
Q

what happens if you decrease ADP in the TCA cycle

A

stimulates isocitrate dehydrogenase and the TCA cycle speeds up

18
Q

what else regulates the TCA cycle apart from isocitrate dehydrogenase

A

NADH/NAD+ ratio

19
Q

what is used for product inhibition for the NADH/NAD+ ratio

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase a-ketoglutarate
dehydrogenase malate dehydrogenase

20
Q

what happens when the TCA cycle slows down

A

there is an accumulation of citrate

21
Q

what happens when there is an accumulation of citrate

A

it is transported out of the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol

it inhibits glycolysis

stimulates the synthesis of fatty acids

22
Q

what else is an important fuel for cells

A

glutamine

23
Q

what is the process of making glutamine called and where is it associated with

A

glutaminolysis
white blood cells and epithelial cells of the intestine

24
Q

what does glutaminolysis result in and where does this substance go

A

the production of a-ketoglutarate which enters the TCA cycle