AMINO ACIDS

Question 1

Small biomolecules containing at least one amino group and one carboxyl group bonded to the alpha-carbon

Answer 1

AMINO ACIDS

Question 2

ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

Answer 2

• PHENYLALANINE
• VALINE
• THREONINE
• TRYPTOPHAN
• ISOLEUCINE
• METHIONINE
• HISTIDINE
• ARGININE
• LEUCINE
• LYSINE

Question 3

NONESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

Answer 3

• ALANINE
• ASPARAGINE
• ASPARTIC ACID
• CYSTEINE
• GLUTAMIC ACID
• GLUTAMINE
• GLYCINE
• PROLINE
• SERINE
• TYROSINE

Question 4

● Plays a role in cell division

● Healing of wounds, stimulation of protein synthesis

● Immune function

● Release of hormones

Answer 4

ARGININE

Question 5

Required for the generation of urea and synthesis of creatine

Answer 5

Arginine

Question 6

● Direct precursor of histamine

● Repair body tissues

Answer 6

HISTIDINE

Question 7

● Maintain myelin sheaths that protect the nerve cells

● Helps manufacture RBC and WBC

Answer 7

Histidine

Question 8

● Protect the body from heavy metal toxicity

Answer 8

Histidine

Question 9

● Needed for hemoglobin formation

● Helps to regulate blood and glucose levels and maintain energy levels

Answer 9

ISOLEUCINE

Question 10

● Boosts healing of muscle, skin, and bones

● Aids in recovery from surgery

Answer 10

LEUCINE

Question 11

● Lowers blood glucose levels

● Optimal growth of infants and for nitrogen balance in adults

Answer 11

Leucine

Question 12

● Plays a role in the production of antibodies (immunoglobulins) and lowers triglyceride levels

● Needed for proper growth and bone development in children

Answer 12

LYSINE

Question 13

● Maintain a proper nitrogen balance in adults

● Helps in the absorption of calcium and the formation of collagen

Answer 13

Lysine

Question 14

● Helps initiate translation of messenger RNA

● Source of sulfur

Answer 14

Methionine

Question 15

● Assist the breakdown of fats

● Helps to detoxify lead and other heavy metals

Answer 15

Methionine

Question 16

● Helps diminish muscle weakness

● Prevents brittle hair

Answer 16

Methionine

Question 17

● Promotes alertness and vitality, elevates mood, decreases pain, aids memory and learning

● Used to treat arthritis and depression

● Used by the brain to produce norepinephrine

Answer 17

PHENYLALANINE

Question 18

● Uses active transport channel to cross the BBB

● Interferes with the production of serotonin

● Part of the composition of aspartame

Answer 18

Phenylalanine

Question 19

● Important in the component in the formation of protein, collagen, elastin, and tooth enamel

● Helps maintain proper protein balance and aids in liver function, metabolism, and assimilation

Answer 19

Threonine

Question 20

● Precursor for serotonin and melatonin

● Natural relaxant

● Alleviate insomnia by inducing sleep, soothes anxiety and reduces depression

Answer 20

Tryptophan

Question 21

● Used in treatment of migraine headaches

● Aids in weight control by reducing appetite

● Helps control hyperactivity in children

Answer 21

Tryptophan

Question 22

● Heaviest among all the amino acids

Answer 22

Tryptophan

Question 23

● Needed for muscle metabolism and coordination, tissue repair and maintenance of nitrogen balance

● Used by muscle tissue as an energy source

Answer 23

VALINE

Question 24

● Used in treatments for muscle, mental and emotional problems (insomnia, anxiety, liver and gallbladder disease)

Answer 24

Valine

Question 25

● Involved in the breakdown of glucose ● Product of the breakdown of DNA ● Transfer of nitrogen from the peripheral tissue to the liver

Answer 25

ALANINE

Question 26

● Helps in reducing the buildup of toxic substances that are released into muscle ● Strengthens the immune system through production of antibodies

Answer 26

Alanine

Question 27

● First amino acid to be isolated = From asparagus juice ● Converting one amino acid into another via amination and transamination

Answer 27

ASPARAGINE

Question 28

● Both processes occur before the urea cycle ● Required by the nervous system and synthesis of ammonia

Answer 28

ASPARAGINE

Question 29

● A metabolite in the urea cycle and participates in gluconeogenesis

Answer 29

ASPARTIC ACID

Question 30

Aspartic acid aka

Answer 30

Aspartate

Question 31

CYSTEINE ● Named after_____ (precursor)

Answer 31

cystine

Question 32

Also known as half-cysteine residue

Answer 32

Cysteine

Question 33

● Production of flavors ● Contains sulfur

Answer 33

Cysteine

Question 34

● Serves as a neurotransmitter and dysregulation has been linked to epileptic seizures ● Aids in transporting potassium to the spinal fluid

Answer 34

Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)

Question 35

● Responsible for the taste umami ● Food additive/food enhancer (sodium salt, monosodium glutamate (bitsin)

Answer 35

Glutamic acid (glutamate)

Question 36

● Most abundant amino acid in the body ● Assists in maintaining the proper acid/alkaline balance in the body (regulates pH)

Answer 36

Glutamine

Question 37

● Provides fuel for a healthy digestive tract ● Supplement used for muscle growth in weightlifting and bodybuilding ● Transports ammonia to the liver

Answer 37

Glutamine

Question 38

Simplest amino acid

Answer 38

Glycine

Question 39

● Only amino acid not optically active because it has no stereoisomers

Answer 39

Glycine

Question 40

● Has a sweet taste and is used as a sweetener ● Inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

Answer 40

Glycine

Question 41

● Helps in the synthesis of bile acids ● Retards muscle degeneration, improves glycogen storage and promotes healing

Answer 41

Glycine

Question 42

PROLINE ● Precursor of____

Answer 42

hydroxyproline

Question 43

● Technically not an amino acid, but an imino acid ● Role in wound healing and molecular recognition

Answer 43

Proline

Question 44

● Works with vit. c to promote healthy connective tissues ● Most abundant amino acid in the body ● Assists in maintaining the proper acid/alkaline balance in the body (regulates pH) ● Provides fuel for a healthy digestive tract ● Technically not a protein since it is an imino acid due to its cyclic structure

Answer 44

Proline

Question 45

● Involved with fats ● Needed for proper metabolism of fats and fatty acids

Answer 45

Serine

Question 46

● Highly concentrated in all cell membranes (phospholipid bilayer) ● Component of the protective myelin sheaths surrounding nerve fibers

Answer 46

Serine

Question 47

Tyrosine Precursor of

Answer 47

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, t3 and t4

Question 48

● Stimulates metabolism ● Mood elevator, suppresses appetite and helps reduce body fat

Answer 48

Tyrosine

Question 49

● Treatment of chronic fatigue, narcolepsy, anxiety, depression, low sex drive, allergies and headachest

Answer 49

Tyrosine

Question 50

TWO NEW AMINO ACIDS

Answer 50

● Selenocysteine ● Pyrrolysine

Question 51

SELENOCYSTEINE ● Established in___ ● Encoded by___ codon

Answer 51

2002 UGA

Question 52

Selenium analogue of cysteine

Answer 52

SELENOCYSTEINE

Question 53

● Encoded by UAG codon ● Used by archaea and unicellular organisms

Answer 53

PYRROLYSINE