Amoeba & Ciliates

Question 1

what are amoeba?

Answer 1

protozoa, infects wide variety of species (inc. humans)

Question 2

what type of parasites are amoeba?

Answer 2

facultative
aka do NOT require host to live, just feed

Question 3

what are the most important amoeba in vet med?

Answer 3

Entramoeba histolytica
Entramoeba invadens
Ancanthamoeba spp
Naegleria fowleri

Question 4

Entramoeba histolytica affect which species?

Answer 4

dogs, cats, humans

Question 5

Entramoeba invadens affects which species?

Answer 5

reptiles

Question 6

Acanthamoeba spp affect which species?

Answer 6

humans, can rarely affect vet species

Question 7

Naegleria fowleri affects which species?

Answer 7

humans, primates, cattle

Question 8

describe the cyst stage of amoeba

Answer 8

round
non-motile
environmentally resistant

Question 8

describe the trophozoite stage of amoeba

Answer 8

amoeboid
motile
feeding/pathogenic stage!!!

Question 8

what are the two life stages of amoeba?

Answer 8

trophozoites
cysts

Question 9

can amoeba cysts be infectious?

Answer 9

yes, if ingested

Question 10

amoeba routes of infection

Answer 10

fecal-oral
nasal mucosa (inhaled)
eye
skin abrasions

Question 11

what parts of the body can amoeba effect?

Answer 11

intestinal, extraintestinal, liver, lung, brain

Question 12

which nerve allows movement of amoeba to the brain?

Answer 12

olfactory nerve

Question 13

list the mechanisms of amoebic infection pathogenesis?

Answer 13

malabsorption
direct tissue destruction
incite inflammatory response

Question 14

ID the life stage of Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 14

cyst

Question 15

ID the red and yellow circles. which amoeba life stage and species is it?

Answer 15

cyst of Entamoeba histolytica
red = 4 nuclei
yellow = blunt chromatoidal bar

Question 16

ID the life stage of Entamoeba histolytica amoeba

Answer 16

trophozoite

Question 17

ID the red and blue circles. which amoeba life stage and species is it?

Answer 17

red = 1 nucleus
blue = central karyosome
Entamoeba histolytica

Question 18

what is a karyosome?

Answer 18

endosome in the trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica

Question 19

Entamoeba histolytica is morphologically indistinguishable from ___

Answer 19

Entamoeba invadens

Question 20

who is Entamoeba invdens NOT transmissible to?

Answer 20

mammals

Question 21

does Entamoeba invadens have reservoir hosts?

Answer 21

yes
some reptiles are resistant

Question 22

which reptiles are most susceptible to Entamoeba invadens?

Answer 22

boas, colubrids, vipers, crotalids

Question 23

which amoeba is this?

Answer 23

Entamoeba invadens intestinal Transmural necrohemorrhagic enterocolitis

Question 24

what are clinical signs of Entamoeba invadens?

Answer 24

anorexia, V, mucoid/hemorrhagic D, sudden death

Question 25

Loss of ___ predisposes reptiles with Entamoeba invadens to sepsis

Answer 25

intestinal barrier

Question 26

what type of Entamoeba invadens is this?

Answer 26

intestinal Transmural necrohemorrhagic colitis

Question 27

describe Entamoeba invadens enterocolitis

Answer 27

subsequent hepatitis following hematogenous dissemination via portal vein

Question 28

which life stage of Acanthamoeba is this?

Answer 28

trophozoite

Question 29

which life stage of Acanthamoeba is this?

Answer 29

cyst

Question 30

ID the arrows in a Acanthamoeba trophozoite

Answer 30

Question 31

ID the arrows in a Acanthamoeba cyst

Answer 31

Question 32

what's the main transmission mode of Naegleria fowleri?

Answer 32

inhalation

Question 33

can you get infected by swallowing water contaminated with Naegleria?

Answer 33

NO

Question 34

ID the issue caused by Naegleria fowleri

Answer 34

primary amoebic meningocephalitis (PAM)

Question 35

what's the drug of choice for amoeba?

Answer 35

Metronidazole inhibits DNA synthesis NOT in food animals

Question 36

what are ciliates?

Answer 36

has TWO life stages (trophozoite and cyst) cilia are all around dimorphic nucleus macronucleus >1 micronuclei

Question 37

what type of parasite are cilia?

Answer 37

commensal rarely cause disease

Question 38

is this amoeba or ciliate?

Answer 38

ciliate

Question 39

Answer the following