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Parasitology I > Piroplasmosis & Haemosporidosis > Flashcards

Piroplasmosis & Haemosporidosis Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

what type of parasite is Piroplasmids?

A

obligate intracellular

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2
Q

what type of life cycle does Piroplasmids have?

A

indirect

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3
Q

who is the definitive host/vector of Piroplasmids?

A

TICKS
USUALLY IXODID

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4
Q

who are intermediate hosts of Piroplasmids?

A

mammals, birds

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5
Q

what part of the Piroplasmids life cycle is done by ticks?

A

gametogeny, fertilization, sprorogeny
sporozoites develop in tick salivary glands to enter host

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6
Q

what part of Piroplasmids life cycle is done by intermediate host?

A

schizogeny

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7
Q

what are the main Generas of Piroplasmids in intermediate hosts?

A

Babesia
Theileria and Cytauxzoon
Piroplasms

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8
Q

where does multiplication of Babesia occur?

A

erythrocytes of intermediate host

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9
Q

where does multiplication of Theileria and Cytauxzoon occur?

A
  1. exoerythrocytic in leukocytes
  2. erythrocytes
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10
Q

what are piroplasms?

A

intraerythrocytic stages of Piroplasmids

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11
Q

Babesia spp epidemiology

A

host specific
usually restricted to 1-2 tick species in a given geographic region

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12
Q

what type of transmission is Babesia spp?

A

transovarial
aka female tick passes to offspring

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13
Q

describe the erythrocytic cycle of Babesia spp

A

sporozoite infects RBC -> piroplasms divide in RBC -> merozoites
repeating cycle

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14
Q

what is B. canis and B. gibsoni?

A

canine Babesiosis

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15
Q

how is B. canis typically transmitted in the US?

A

vector (Ripicephalus sanguineus)

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16
Q

how is B. gibsoni typically transmitted in the US?

A

direct transmisison via infected blood (dogfight)

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17
Q

who is often a carrier of Babesia canis and gibsoni?

A

recovering animals (treated and untreated)

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18
Q

what is B. bigemina and B. bovis?

A

bovine Babesiosis

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19
Q

where is B. bovis and B. bigemina mostly prevelent?

A

subtropics and tropics

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20
Q

which is more pathogenic, B. bovis or B. bigemina?

A

B. bovis
causes hypotensive shock, CNS damage

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21
Q

B. bigemina and B. bovis signs

A

hemolytic anemia, fever, anorexia, muscle tremor, tachycardia
can be fatal

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22
Q

how could you diagnose Babesiosis?

A

clinical signs, HISTORY, ID piroplasms in blood smear (acute phase), serology, PCR

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23
Q

Theileria spp epidemiology

A

typically in ruminants
host specific

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24
Q

does transovarial transmission occur in Theileria spp?

A

NO

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25
describe the exoerythrocytic phase of Theileria spp?
sporozoites infect WBC -> schizonts divide within WBC -> merozoites -> WBC lyse, release merozoites to RBC -> become piroplasms
26
what are the two phases of Theileria spp?
exoerythrocytic erythrocytic
27
describe the erythrocytic phase of Theileria spp
piroplasms divide -> merozoites -> RBC lyse -> infect more RBC
28
what is T. equi?
horse Theileria
29
where has T. equi has re-emerged?
US (FL, MO) - iatrogenic
30
T. equi disease conditions
hemolytic anemia, fever, malaise, elevated RR and HR, can be fatal transplacental transmission can cause abortion or neonate malformation
31
what is T. parva?
bovine theileriosis highly pathogenic
32
how would you diagnose Theileriosis?
ID schizonts for bovine ID piroplasms in necropsy serology PCR
33
Cytauxzoon felis epidemiology
wild/domestic felids on N/S America, Asia
34
what's the main vector of Cytauxzoon felis in USA?
Amblyomma americanum
35
what are the two cycles of Cytauxzoon felis?
exoerythrocytic and erythrocytic
36
describe the exoerythrocytic cycle for Cytauxzoon felis
schizont-enlarged macrophages in domestic cats occlude vasculature causes "parasitic thrombi" in lungs, spleen, lymph node
37
describe the erythrocytic cycle of Cytauxzoon felis
causes hemolytic anemia to develop in domestic cats
38
how would you diagnose Cytauxzoonosis?
ID schizonts observe piroplams in blood smears
39
what type of parasite is Haemosporids? what type of life cycle?
obligate intracellular with indirect life cycle
40
Haemosporids definitive hosts/vectors
biting flies
41
Haemosporids intermediate hosts
tetrapods
42
describe the life cycle of Haemosporids that occur in the biting fly
gametogeny, fertilization, sporogeny sporozoites develop in midgut wall -> salivary glands then to vertebrate host
43
describe the life cycle of Haemosporids in vertebrate intermediate hosts
schizogeny exoerythrocytic AND erythrocytic cycles
44
describe the erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium
multiplication and formation of gametocytes in RBC
45
describe the erythrocytic cycle of Leucocytooon
NO multiplication only gametocytes form in RBC
46
describe the erythrocytic cycle in Haemoproteus
NO multiplication only gametocytes form in RBC
47
Plasmodium epidemiology
reptiles, birds, mammals host specific
48
Plasmodium vector for mammals, birds, reptiles
mosquito
49
describe the exoerythrocytic phase for Plasmodium
hepatocytes (mammals) and macrophages/vascular endothelial cells (birds/reptiles) of hosts lyse -> merozoites infect RBC -> develop into trophozoites
50
describe the erythrocytic phase of Plasmodium
trophozoites produce merozoites -> RBC lyse -> merozoites infect more RBC
51
what is P. gallinaceum?
Plasmodium of poultry
52
where is P. gallinaceum found?
Africa and Asia
53
P. gallinaceum has ___ mortality in indigenous breeds and ___ mortality in commercial breeds
LOW HIGH
54
P. gallinaceum symptoms
weakness, dyspnea, anemia, abnormal distension, ocular hemorrhage, BILIVERDINURIA
55
what is P. relictum?
birds P. relictum >400 bird species in captive penguins, N. American songbirds
56
P. relictum is ___ disease and ___ mortality in captive penguins
severe high
57
what two main Plasmodium species cause Avian Malaria?
P. gallinaceum and P. relictum
58
Leucocytozoon epidemiology
avian parasite host specific
59
what are the vectors of Leucocytozoon?
mainly blackflies some midges
60
describe the exoerythrocytic cycle of Leucocytozoon
hepatocytes, vascular endothelial cells, macrophages lyse -> merozoites infect mononuclear leukocytes and RBC -> become gametocytes
61
describe the erythrocytic cycle of Leucocytozoon
gametocytes enlarge, distort host RBC and leukocytes -> occlude capillaries -> ischemia and tissue necrosis
62
what is L. simondi?
Leucocytozoon of domestic and wild ducks and geese
63
where does L. simondi mainly occur?
Holarctic region
64
L. simondi signs
anemia, leukocytosis, tachypnea, hepatosplenomegaly, biliverdinuria, CNS signs
65
what is L. smithi?
Leucocytozoon of domestic and wild turkeys
66
where does L. smithi mainly occur?
Nearctic region
67
Haemoproteus epidemiology
parasite of birds, reptiles, amphibians host specific
68
what are the main vectors of Haemoproteus?
midges, hippoboscid flies = for birds tabanid flies = for reptiles
69
describe the exoerythrocytic cycle for Haemoproteus in birds
vascular endothelial cells and macrophages, and some muscle fibers are lysed -> merozoites infect RBC -> develop into gametocytes
70
describe the exerythrocytic cycle for Haemoproteus in reptiles
macrophages lysed and infect RBC to develop gametocytes
71
describe the erythrocytic cycle for Haemoproteus
gametocytes elongate, curve around RBC/nucleus may cause anemia in birds
72
what is H. lophortyx?
Haemoproteosis in New World quail mainly in young
73
H. lophortyx signs
anemia, myopathy, NS damage, death
74
H. lophortyx in wild California quail
usually subclinical
75
what is H. meleagridis?
Haemoproteosis in domestic and wild turkey of N America
76
how to diagnose Avian Haemosporidiosis
ID RBC infecting stages in blood smear ID schizonts in tissue smear serology
77
how to treat Plasmodium and Haemoproteus
chloroquine...anti-malaria drugs
78
how to treat Leucocytozoonosis
clopidol *oral vaccine in development

Parasitology I (9 decks)

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