An introduction to clinical dermatology

Question 1

A serious drug allergy/ result of infection which results in multiple lesions ranging from minor to major

Answer 1

Erythema multiforme

Question 2

Tool used to look at pigmented lesions

Answer 2

Dermoscope

Question 3

Eczema in infants usually

Answer 3

Begins on the face

Question 4

distribution of psoriasis

Answer 4

Extensor surfaces on limbs

Question 5

Koeberberisation is associated with

Answer 5

Psoriasis

Question 6

Koebernerisation =

Answer 6

Lesions along site of trauma

Question 7

Acronym used to describe individual lesions:

Answer 7

SCAM

Question 8

SCAM

Answer 8

Size/Shape
Colour
Associated secondary changes
Morphology/Margin

Question 9

Acronym used for looking at pigmented lesions

Answer 9

ABCDE

Question 10

ABCDE

Answer 10

Asymmetry
Irregular Border
two or more Colours
Diameter >6mm
Evolution of lesion

Question 11

Score used to grade psoriasis

Answer 11

PASI

Question 12

Ways lesions can be disributed

Answer 12

• Localised
• Generalised
• Widespread
• Flexural

Question 13

Ex of places flexural lesions can show:

Answer 13

• groin
• neck
• behind ears
• popliteal fossa
• antecubital fossa

Question 14

PASI score grades lesions according to:

Answer 14

Redness, thickness, scale of lesions

Question 15

Photosensitive =

Answer 15

affects sun-exposed areas

Question 16

Dermatome =

Answer 16

Area of skin supplies by a single spinal nerve.

Question 17

ex of pressure areas:

Answer 17

sacrum, buttocks, ankles, heals

Question 18

Lesion =

Answer 18

area of altered skin

Question 19

Naevus =

Answer 19

localised malformation of tissue structures.

Question 20

Itching =

Answer 20

Pruritus

Question 21

Descriptions of colour:

Answer 21

• erythema
• hyper-pigmentation
• melasma
• de-pigmentation
• vitiligo

Question 22

Petechiae =

Answer 22

small, pinpoint macules

Question 23

Purpura =

Answer 23

red or purple in colour, bleeding into skin

Question 24

Ecchymosis =

Answer 24

bruise

Question 25

3 most common inflammatory dermatoses =

Answer 25

1. Acne 2. Atopic dermatitis/eczema 3. Psoriasis

Question 26

Acne is most common what age and gender?

Answer 26

``` age = 12-25 gender = female (earlier puberty) ```

Question 27

Areas of acne:

Answer 27

face, back, chest

Question 28

Clinical features of acne:

Answer 28

- Seborrhoea - Comedones - inflammatory lesions - scarring

Question 29

Non-inflammatory lesions =

Answer 29

Comedones

Question 30

Open comedones

Answer 30

Blackhead. Enlarged hair follicle opening filled with melanin.

Question 31

Closed comedones

Answer 31

Whiteheads. Small, raised, non-inflammaed sport.

Question 32

Inflammatory lesions found in acne:

Answer 32

papule pustule nodule cyst

Question 33

Cyst =

Answer 33

papule or nodule that contains fluid

Question 34

2 types of scarring found in acne:

Answer 34

Atrophic | Hypertrophic

Question 35

Atrophic scarring

Answer 35

Sunken recess in skin, pitted appearance.

Question 36

Hypertrophic scarring

Answer 36

overproduction of collagen.

Question 37

Atopic eczema is a ... hypersensitivity

Answer 37

Type 1

Question 38

Atopic eczema is characterised by:

Answer 38

relapses and remission

Question 39

Triggers for eczema:

Answer 39

Irritants, environmental triggers (diet, stress)

Question 40

Clinical presentation of AD:

Answer 40

- Erythematous, dry, scaly | - flexor aspects (popliteal and antecubital fossa)

Question 41

Chronic scratching in atopic dermatitis can lead to:

Answer 41

Exocoriations and lichenification

Question 42

Bulla:

Answer 42

large, fluid-filled blister. >0.5 cm in diameter.

Question 43

Psoriasis is a type ... hypersensitivity

Answer 43

Type IV

Question 44

Most common type of psoriasis:

Answer 44

Chronic plaque psoriasis

Question 45

Intense and usually widespread reddening of the skin due to inflammatory skin disease:

Answer 45

Erythroderma

Question 46

Complications of erythroderma:

Answer 46

- secondary infection - fluid loss, electrolyte imbalance - hypothermia - high-output cardiac failure - capillary leak syndrome

Question 47

Weals:

Answer 47

transient lesions due to oedema. happen in urticaria

Question 48

Urticaria is due to significant...

Answer 48

Histamine release in the skin

Question 49

3 types of skin infections:

Answer 49

- bacterial - viral - fungal

Question 50

Ex bacterial skin infection

Answer 50

Staphlococcal (e.g. cellulitis) | Streptococcal

Question 51

Ex viral skin infection

Answer 51

varicella zoster Herpes simplex HPV

Question 52

Ex fungal skin infection

Answer 52

Tinea | Candida

Question 53

Erythrasma

Answer 53

common skin condition, under skin folds.

Question 54

Organisms causing erythrasma

Answer 54

Corynebacterium minutissimum

Question 55

Ex of benign tumors:

Answer 55

- warts | - seborrheic keratoses

Question 56

Warts are due to:

Answer 56

a virus

Question 57

Types of skin cancer

Answer 57

- Basal cell carcinoma - Squamous cell carcinoma - Malignant melanoma

Question 58

Basal cell skin cancer:

Answer 58

- locally invasive - rarely metastasises - slow-growing

Question 59

Most common malignant skin tumour:

Answer 59

Basal cell skin cancer

Question 60

Causes of basal cell carcinoma:

Answer 60

``` UV exposure Hx of severe sunburn in childhood Type 1 skin Male Immunosuppression Hx of previous skin cancer Genetic predisposition ```

Question 61

Common sites of basal cell carcinoma:

Answer 61

Head, neck

Question 62

Causes/risk factors for malignant melanoma:

Answer 62

- Excessive UV exposure - Type 1 skin - Hx of multiple moles/atypical moles - FHx - Previous Hx of melanoma

Question 63

Common sites of melanoma

Answer 63

- legs in women | - trunk in men

Question 64

Measure of depth of lesion, can provide info on prognosis:

Answer 64

Breslow depth (T1-T4)