Viral properties

Question 1

microscope needed to view viruses

Answer 1

electron microscope

Question 2

2 ex of iscosahedral viruses

Answer 2

norovirus

rotavirus

Question 3

how many faces are on a icosahedron?

Answer 3

20

Question 4

viruses are…

Answer 4

obligate intracellular parasites

Question 5

nucleic acid + capsid =

Answer 5

nucleocapsid

Question 6

the capsid of a virus is made up of

Answer 6

capsomers

Question 7

infective part of a virus =

Answer 7

viron

Question 8

viron of an enveloped virus =

Answer 8

nucleocapsid + envelope

Question 9

name of 2 glycoproteins on the influenza virus

Answer 9

H = hemagglutinin
N = neuraminidase

Question 10

H and N glycoproteins are susceptible to…

Answer 10

Antigenic drift and antigenic shift

Question 11

Antigenic shift is due to..

Answer 11

recombination, new strain emerges

Question 12

Influenza virus =

Answer 12

enveloped -ve RNA

Question 13

Norovirus =

Answer 13

nakesd, +ve RNA

Question 14

Which is more stable in the environment, influenza or norovirus

Answer 14

Norovirus (naked)

Question 15

Which type of virus spreads more easily

Answer 15

Naked virus

Question 16

Ex of enveloped viruses

Answer 16

Influenza
HIV
Ebola

Question 17

Ex of naked viruses

Answer 17

Norovirus

Rotavirus

Question 18

Types of genome found in viruses:

Answer 18

ssDNA
dsDNA
ssRNA
dsRNA

Question 19

Genome of a retrovirus

Answer 19

ssRNA

Question 20

Genome of hepadnaviruses

Answer 20

dsDNA

Question 21

+ve RNA is the same as…

Answer 21

mRNA

Question 22

2 tasks of a virus:

Answer 22

1. Make mRNA to be translated into new viral proteins

2. Make nucleic acids to be packages for new virus

Question 23

Genome of HepC

Answer 23

+ve RNA

Question 24

Genome of rabies

Answer 24

-ve RNA

Question 25

6 stages of the viral reproductive cycle:

Answer 25

1. Attachment 2. Penetration 3. Uncoating 4. Replication 5. Assembly 6. Release

Question 26

Burst size =

Answer 26

Average number of newly synthesized virus particles released from a single infected cell

Question 27

2 strategies of penetration for enveloped viruses:

Answer 27

1. Immediate membrane fusion | 2. Endocytosis

Question 28

Immediate membrane fusion requires a...

Answer 28

Coreceptor (E.g. CD4 for HIV)

Question 29

All -ve SS RNA are...

Answer 29

Enveloped

Question 30

Ex of -veRNA viruses

Answer 30

``` Influenza Rabies Mumps Measles Ebola ```

Question 31

Ex of enveloped +ve RNA viruses

Answer 31

Polio Dengue HepC

Question 32

Entire lifecyle of an RNA virus is...

Answer 32

Extranuclear

Question 33

Ex of DNA viruses

Answer 33

Herpes virus | Epistein-Barr virus

Question 34

Epstien-barr virus causes:

Answer 34

Glandular fever | Lymphomas

Question 35

Herpes virus cause what kind of infection?

Answer 35

Latent - genetic material stays in cells and is reactivated by stress (e.g. UV light and coldsores)

Question 36

4 ways a virus can effect a cell:

Answer 36

1. Kill it 2. Transform into tumor cell 3. Persistent infection 4. Latent infection

Question 37

Cancer: Epstein-Barr virus

Answer 37

Burkitt's lymphoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 38

Cancer: Hep B and Hep C

Answer 38

Liver cancer

Question 39

Cervical cancer can be caused by

Answer 39

Human papilloma virus (HPV(

Question 40

KSHV =

Answer 40

Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

Question 41

2 ways a virus can make a host cell cancerous:

Answer 41

1. Introduce viral oncogenes | 2. Insertion of viral DNA into host genome activated host cellular oncogenes

Question 42

Why are viral infections prevalent, persistent and problematic?

Answer 42

- few drugs - resistance and high mutagenic rates (e.g. error prone polymerases) - spead - latent and persistent infections