An Sci 434 Final Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
The formation of the blastocyst involves the pump of Na+ and H2O into the center of the embryo.
A
T
2
Q
Hatching of the bovine blastocyst occurs on days 9-11.
A
T
3
Q
While the cow, sheep, and pig conceptuses go through spherical, tubular, and filamentous stages, the equine conceptus remains spherical.
A
T
4
Q
Transmigration of the embryo from one uterine horn to the other occurs in the pig and horse but not in the sheep or cow.
A
T
5
Q
During gastrulation, the endoderm lines the inside of the blastocoele cavity, forming the yolk sac portion of the placenta.
A
T
6
Q
Which of the following tissues are derived from the ectoderm?
A
Skin and Central Nervous System
7
Q
Which of the following tissues are derived from the mesoderm?
A
Reproductive Tract
8
Q
Which of the following tissues are derived from the endoderm?
A
Lungs
9
Q
Which placental membrane functions as the source of primordial germ cells and red blood cells?
A
Yolk Sac
10
Q
Which placental membrane functions to bring the blood vessels to the surface of the placenta?
A
Allantois
11
Q
Which placental membrane functions as a shock absorber and is non-vascular?
A
Amnion
12
Q
Which placental membrane attaches to the mother?
A
Chorion
13
Q
The signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy in the cow is the production of the interferon tau by the early conceptus
A
T
14
Q
The signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy in the pig is production of porcine chorionic gonadotropin.
A
F
15
Q
There is no maternal recognition of pregnancy event in the dog and cat. The CL lasts the same period of time both in the non-pregnant and pregnant animal.
A
T
16
Q
Which of the following have a superficial type of implantation?
A
Cow, Sheep, Sow
17
Q
Which of the following have an interstitial type of implantation?
A
Human
18
Q
Which of the following have a cotyledonary placenta?
A
Cow
19
Q
Which of the following have a zonary placenta?
A
Dog
20
Q
The binuclear giant cells of the bovine placenta produce which of the following?
A
Lactogen, Pregnancy Specific hormone B
21
Q
Maternal and fetal blood is separated by 3 tissue layers in a hemoendothelial placenta.
A
F
22
Q
A lueteotrophic compound is produced by the embryo that is responsible for maternal recognition of pregnancy in the.
A
Human
23
Q
A graduate student is dissecting a pregnant dog uterus. He finds multiple tissue layers separating the maternal and fetal blood flow of this endothelial-chorial placenta. Which of the following layers is ABSENT in this placenta?
A
Maternal Epithelium
24
Q
Examples of the placental function of exchange include which of the following?
A
Urea, Oxygen, and Glucose
25
Examples of the placental function of chemical protection include which of the following?
Immunosuppressants, filtering of environmental toxins, protection against maternal defenses
26
One physical protection function of the placenta is acting as a shock absorber for the fetus.
T
27
One endocrine function of the placenta is the transient production by the placenta of estrogen, progesterone, and placental lactogen.
T
28
The fetal age can be estimated by which of the following?
Femur and Crown-Rump Lengths
29
The uterus changes size during pregnancy in which of the following ways?
Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Stretching
30
Fetal circulation is different from adult circulation due to the presence of which additional structures?
Foramen Ovale, Ductus Venosus, Ductus arteriosus
31
A woman without ovaries can maintain a pregnancy if given progesterone daily for the first 90 days of pregnancy.
T
32
A mare who continually aborts before day 60 of pregnancy can be given progesterone up through day 120 of gestation to help maintain a pregnancy.
T
33
What is the length of gestation in the cow?
280 Days
34
Increased litter size in pigs will result in individual baby pigs in the litter being smaller in size and/or weight.
T
35
Which of the following are examples of environmental effects on fetal size?
Parity and Feed Availability to the Mother
36
Endometrial cups are important during pregnancy in the mare because they make which of the following hormones?
ECG
37
A cow was exposed to a pesticide know to cause birth defects in humans. The exposure occurred at 10 – 14 days into gestation. The cow was sent to slaughter 2 months latter and the fetus was recovered and found to not have kidneys, reproductive tract or urinary tracts. The likely effect of the pesticide was to interfere with formation of the.
Mesoderm
38
You are making a presentation to a high school class on pregnancy and gestation. One the students asks you what is the most likely cause for a pregnancy to fail. You respond that, in your opinion, it is failure of imprinting. Your answer indicates that you think that failure of pregnancy occurs most during which stage?
Embryo Development
39
Increased prenatal losses could be due to which of the following reasons?
Nutritional Stress, Endocrine Imbalances, Diseases of Reproductive tract
40
What is the role of estrogen during parturition?
To induce uterine myometrial gap junctions, To induce uterine endometrial oxytocin receptors, To induce relaxin release from the CL.
41
What is the role of cortisol during parturition?
To induce formation of surfactant in the fetal lung, to induce glycogen formation in the fetal liver, to cause the fetal thyroid to release its hormones and increase fetal metabolism, to stimulate the conversion of progesterone to estradiol in the placentome
42
In response to fetal stress at the end of gestation, which of the following is the first to occur?
CRH release from the hypothalamus
43
The breaking of the water (breaking of the allantochorion) occurs during which stage of labor?
Stage 2
44
What is the role of oxytocin during parturition?
To stimulate uterine contractions during Stage 2 of labor, To stimulate uterine contractions during Stage 3 of labor, To stimulate the release of PGF from the uterine endometrium
45
Dystocia refers to anytime when there is a difficult birth.
T
46
The most common kind of dystocia is when a large fetus is present.
T
47
Uterine involution takes longer than an endocrine return to estrous cyclicity.
F
48
Dexamethazone can be used to induce parturition in most species.
T
49
Oxytocin can be used to induce parturition in the cow.
F
50
A woman who is in her second trimester of pregnancy (90-180 days) is discovered to have the early stages of ovarian cancer. It is recommended to remove the ovaries. This can be done because at this point in gestation, the human placenta produces.
Progesterone
51
During the routine veterinary exam following parturition, a premature foal is described as having a ductus arteriosus that has not yet closed. This is a duct between the.
Pulmonary artery and aorta.
52
Parturition may be induced in pigs with which of the following drugs?
Prostaglandin F2 alpha after day 113 of gestation
53
The role of estrogen during parturition is to.
All of the above
54
In vivo embryo production in cattle and horses involves the use of superovulation.
F
55
Gender selection of sperm can be accomplished by which of the following?
The use of flow cytometry
56
Fetal sexing in cattle involves the use of ultrasonography between day 55 and 65 of pregnancy.
T
57
Which best describes the original process of cloning?
Splitting of the morula
58
Nuclear cloning from somatic cells involves the production of an embryo.
T
59
Which of the following are potential uses for embryonic stem cells?
Regenerative Medicine, in vitro systems to test drug toxicity
60
Genetically engineered animal products are consumed by Americans every day when they buy a piece of meat or purchase eggs.
F
61
In vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos.
All of the above
62
Following super-ovulation in the cow, the target for embryo development at flushing from the uterus is
An early to mid-size blastocyst.
63
Throughout the 1900s, there was a decrease in the age of puberty in humans. This was likely due to increased nutrition.
T
64
Which of the following structures are present in the standard human anatomy?
Simplex Uterus
65
Along with pheromones, the Bartholin's glands are a major source of lubrication during intercourse.
T
66
The basic pH in the vagina is a mechanism to control which types of microflora are present.
F
67
The primary site of sperm storage in the human female is in the first portion of the oviduct isthmus.
T
68
Which of the following should be your first choice for treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia?
5 Alpha Reductase Inhibitors
69
Menopause can be detected or diagnosed through a combination of which of the following symptoms?
Behavioral and physical changes, Variable menstrual cycles in women over 40 years of age, High levels of FSH which has become HMG
70
The basal body temperature of a woman decreases and then increases with ovulation.
T
71
The typical human pregnancy rate is 25% per cycle, assuming adequate sexual contact has occurred.
T
72
If a menstrual cycle for a woman is longer than normal, it is likely that a spontaneous abortion occurred.
T
73
Primary infertility in a woman is when she has had a failure to conceive within 6 months and she has had at least 1 previous normal pregnancy.
F
74
If a human male was found to have only 60 million sperm in his ejaculate, he would be considered to be infertile.
F
75
Erythroblastosis Fetalis is when a mother is isoimmunized against fetal RBCs with an RH factor present on the fetal RBCs. The condition causes a problem in the subsequent pregnancy because the anti-RBC antibodies attack a fetus which has the RH factor on its RBCs. For this condition to exist, the mother must be negative to the RH factor on her own RBCs and the fetus must be RH positive.
T
76
In women, superovulation is accomplished by giving Pergonal (HMG) beginning on day 2 of Menses. The likely explanation for why this treatment begins on day 2 is.
The follicular wave is just beginning.
77
The second born infant of a 33-year-old Rh-negative mother has severe hemolysis and circulatory failure. This condition could have been prevented by.
Treating the mother with anti-Rh immuno-globulin during the most recent pregnancy.
78
Most bitches reach puberty between 3 and 5 months of age.
F
79
The bitch has between 2 and 3 estrous cycles per year, and so it is considered a polyestrous type of species.
F
80
Proestrus in the bitch has which of the following characteristics?
Does not accept the male, but is attracted to the male, Lasts for approximately 9 days, There is a bloody discharge from the vulva
81
Estrus in the bitch has which of the following characteristics?
Has a straw-colored discharge from the vulva, Accepts the male to allow mounting behavior, Lasts for approximately 9 days
82
Anestrus in the bitch has which of the following characteristics?
Sexually Inactive
83
Which of the following are true statements about the endocrine profile of the bitch estrous cycle?
The increase of FSH that triggers follicular recruitment occurs during anestrus, Estradiol peaks at the end of proestrus or at the start of estrus, Progesterone begins to increase before the LH surge until there is >2-5 mg progesterone in circulation at the time of ovulation, Prolactin increases during metestrus II
84
The length of pregnancy in the bitch is 63 days, but varies in individual bitches due to day 0 being the day of mating (not fertilization).
T
85
The dog can penetrate the bitch's vagina without an erection due to the presence of the bone in the canine penis called the os penis.
T
86
In the canine, the "tie" is the time when the male penis is held in the vagina of the bitch as the bulbus glandis is engorged with blood and ejaculation occurs.
T
87
During the canine pregnancy, progesterone only comes from the CL and not from the placenta.
T
88
The testis in the dog should be descended by 7-10 days after birth.
T
89
Which of the following describe the manner in which frozen-thawed canine semen should be inseminated?
5-7 days after ovulation, Always in the uterus
90
Cats are seasonal in that they do not exhibit estrous cycles during the spring, but only cycle summer through winter.
F
91
Which of the following characterize pro-estrus in the queen?
Feline pro-estrus lasts for 8-10 days if the queen was previously in estrus, The queen will vocalize, rub her head and neck on objects, and will be attracted to males.
92
The length of diestrus in the psuedopregnant queen is less than the length of diestrus during pregnancy
T
93
The period between estruses in the non-mated queen lasts for about 8 days and is termed "pro-estrus."
T
94
Estrogen increases during estrus due to the growth of preovulatory follicles.
T
95
Spraying by toms is often cured by castration.
T
96
Pseudopregnancy in the queen may occur due to mating with a sterile tom.
T
97
Does the consumption of arrow grass by the cattle cause the congenital deformities?
F
98
Major bunch grasses, such as timothy, tall fescue, italian (annual) ryegrass, and perennial ryegrasses have the ability to develop and maintain large rooting systems which are beneficial in western grasslands.
T
99
Is using artificial insemination the most common breeding method in mexico?
F
100
One of the leading causes of California Condor death is lead poisoning from lead ammunition.
T
101
California Condors are known for being a “clean-up” crew due to their impressive scavenging skills.
T
102
California condor’s preference towards polygamous relationships is beneficial for species reintroduction and expansion.
F
103
The contraceptive pill developed by Syntex corp and Dr. Rosenkranz acts as an estrogen like hormone to have a negative feedback on GnRh to prevent ovulation.
F
104
Of the 19 studies that were performed by scientists, they found that studies that utilized written material had the best literacy of the sex education content.
T
105
Behind Mexico, Chile had the #1 use of LARCs throughout Latin America with over 50% of the population using LARCs instead of SARCs.
F
