Medications ch 7

Question 1

Types of Drug Interactions

Answer 1

Drug, Dietary Supplement, Disease, Laboratory

Question 2

Pharmacodynamic

Answer 2

Changes how the drug affects the body

Question 3

Pharmacokinetic

Answer 3

Changes how the body handles the drug

Question 4

Additive

Answer 4

Drugs with similar effects result in those effects added together (Think addition)

Question 5

SYNERGISTIC

Answer 5

Drug effects are amplified in combination to result in an effect that is more pronounced than just the two added together (think multiplication)

Question 6

Antagonistic

Answer 6

Drugs counteract each other

Question 7

Pharmacokinetic drug Interactions

Answer 7

Changes in drug absorption
Changes in drug metabolism
Changes in drug elimination

Question 8

Drug indications range from smallest to greatest

Answer 8

1. Mild
2. Moderate
3. Major/Severe
4. Life-Threatening

Question 9

Contraindications

Answer 9

Infers that a drug should not be used due to a heightened safety concern for a particular patient

Question 10

Absolute

Answer 10

Avoid at all costs, risks certainly outweigh any benefit

Question 11

Relative

Answer 11

Should be avoided unless there is a compelling benefit that will outweigh the risk

Question 12

Potential Reasons

Answer 12

Allergy, Existing Health Condition, Drug Interaction, Genetics, Age or disease-related changes in organ function

Question 13

Alcohol

Answer 13

• can cause additive depression of the CNS with drugs that have those effects (Opiates, benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, etc.
• Can cause liver toxicity when combined with Acetaminophen

Question 14

Antacids

Answer 14

Many of these can decrease the absorption of other drugs rendering them less effective

Question 15

Antihistamines

Answer 15

Can have additive sedative effects with other sedating medications

Question 16

Beta-Blockers

Answer 16

-Can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia from Insulin
-Can lead to Brachycardia when combined with Diltiazem or verapamil

Question 17

Cabamazepine

Answer 17

Reduces the effectiveness of many drugs by inducing metabolism

Question 18

Erythromycin

Answer 18

Increases the risk of side effects from many drugs by inhibiting metabolism

Question 19

Fluconazole

Answer 19

Increases the risk of side effects from many drugs by inhibiting metabolism

Question 20

Grapefruit Juice

Answer 20

Increases the risk of side effects from many drugs by inhibiting metabolism

Question 21

Metronidazole

Answer 21

Inhibits metabolism of Alcohols

Question 22

NSAIDS

Answer 22

Increase risk of bleeding with anticoagulants and antiplatelets due to additive anticoagulent effect

Question 23

Phenytoin

Answer 23

Reduces effectiveness of many drugs by inducing metabolism

Question 24

Rifampin

Answer 24

Reduces effectiveness of many drugs by inducing metabolism

Question 25

Ritonavir

Answer 25

Increases toxicity of many drugs by inhibiting metabolism

Question 26

St. Johns wort

Answer 26

Reduces the effectiveness of many drugs by inducing metabolism.

Question 27

SSRIs

Answer 27

Can cause a potentially life-threatening condition called "serotonin syndrome"

Question 28

Amiodarone

Answer 28

Prolongs QT interval and increases the risk for a potentially fatal heart arrhythmia called "torsades de pointes"

Question 29

Antidepressants and Antipsychotics

Answer 29

Cause many side effects: easy for additive or synergistic effects to occur when combined with other drugs

Question 30

Digoxin

Answer 30

Metabolized by several enzymes that are often implicated in drug interactions

Question 31

Drugs for Epilepsy

Answer 31

Commonly metabolized by enzymes that are prone to interactions

Question 32

Warfarin

Answer 32

-Metabolized by many enzymes that can be affected in drug interactions -Dietary Vitamin K intake

Question 33

Asthma and COPD

Answer 33

Beta Blocker can cause Bronchiospasm and counteract beta agonists

Question 34

Chronic Kidney Disease

Answer 34

NSAIDs can cause kidney Failure

Question 35

Heart Failure

Answer 35

Diltiazem, Verapamil, Pioglitazone, and some anti-arrhythmic

Question 36

Hypertension

Answer 36

NSAIDs

Question 37

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Answer 37

Aspirin, NSAIDs and Corticosteroids

Question 38

Liver Disease

Answer 38

Metabolism of many drugs is impaired

Question 39

Seizures

Answer 39

Can be precipitated by antipsychotics, bupropion, tramadol, and others

Question 40

Allergy

Answer 40

Hypersensitivity The result of the body's immune system activating against a substance or drug

Question 41

Allergen

Answer 41

Substance that triggers the allergy

Question 42

Allergies can occur?

Answer 42

With any medication

Question 43

Drug Allergy Risk

Answer 43

Risk of developing allergy increases with repeated exposure to a medication

Question 44

Cross sensitivity

Answer 44

The development of an allergy to one drug may result in a similar reaction to other drugs that share similar chemical structures.