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ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Flashcards

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1
Q

When and where did photoautotrophs evolve

A

3.2 million years ago in shallow water

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2
Q

What offered photoautotrophs an unlimited supply of energy

A

sunlight

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2
Q

what is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration

A

oxygen

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3
Q

This is an example of a catabolic pathway because it releases stored energy by breaking down complex molecules (ex: Glucose is broken down to help produce ATP)

A

Cellular respiration

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4
Q

This takes place in the presence of oxygen, evolved after oxygen was added to Earth’s atmosphere

A

Aerobic respiration

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5
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place

A

mitochondria

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5
Q

This takes place without oxygen

A

Anaerobic respiration

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6
Q

where does anaerobic respiration take place

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

In Aerobic respiration, ___ is consumed as a reactant

A

oxygen

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8
Q

this is the most efficient because it can provide a high amount of adenosine triphosphate or ATP

A

aerobic respiration

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9
Q

what provides the fuels for respiration

A

the food we eat

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10
Q

→Partial degradation of sugars and
other organic fuel
→ No oxygen
→ It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
→ It also produce various products depending on the microbes
★ AppleCidervinegar
★ Cheese
★ Yogurt
→ Are also present in different places
such as inside the volcano, beneath the soil, deepest part of the ocean, and in our digestive tract.

A

fermentation

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10
Q

by doing this, you can deliver all the oxygen to your muscles

A

sleeping

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11
Q

this uses substances other than oxygen

A

anaerobic respiration

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12
Q

in fermentation, pyruvate can produce these three fungi/bacteria

A

Aspergillus, Lactobacillus, saccharomyces

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13
Q

what is an example product of aspergillus

A

soy sauce

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14
Q

what is an example product of lactobacillus

A

cheese, yogurt

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15
Q

saccharomyces can produce these 3 compounds

A

ethanol + CO2, ethanol, carbon dioxide

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16
Q

what is an example product of ethanol + co2

A

beer

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17
Q

what is an example product of carbon dioxide

A

bread

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18
Q

what is an example product of ethanol

A

wine

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19
Q
  • Doesn’t use oxygen
  • Inorganic or organic molecules are
    used as final electron acceptors such hydrogen sulfide, sulfate ions, and others.
A

anaerobic respiration

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20
Q

what are the final acceptors in anaerobic respiration

A

inorganic or organic molecules

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21
Q

Transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another

Relocation of electrons releases energy stored in organic molecules

This energy is used to synthesize ATP because an electron transfer requires both a donor and an acceptor - Oxidation and reduction always go hand in hand

A

RedOX reactions

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22
Requires both a donor and acceptor
Electron transfer
23
addition of electrons
reduction
24
removal of electrons
oxidation
25
- is a molecule that carries energy with its cells - it is the main currency of the cell - it is an end product of the process of phosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
26
what is ATP comprised of
comprise of 3 phosphate groups, 1 sugar (ribose), and a nitrogenous base (adenine)
27
the removal or elimination of carboxyl from a molecule and releases carbon dioxide
decarboxylation
28
A phosphate group is transferred from an organic molecule to ADP to form ATP
substrate-level phosphorylation
29
what does NADH stand for
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen
29
what does NAD+ stand for
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
30
is a type of anaerobic pathway that harvests energy from carbohydrates
fermentation
31
Aerobic respiration and Fermentation begins with the precisely same set of reactions in the cytoplasm and this is known as ____
glycolysis
32
"glyco" means
sugar
33
"lysis" means
breakdown
34
the goal of glycolysis is to break 6 carbon glucose into two molecules called
pyruvate
35
what will be produced in glycolysis
2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, and a total of 4 ATP
36
how many ATP is used in glycolysis
2
37
what is the net yield of ATP in glycolysis
2
38
what are the different products produced during glycolysis
starting point: glucose glucose 6-phosphate fructose 6-phosphate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) 1,3 - bisphosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate. end point: pyruvate
39
is a 3 carbon molecule
pyruvate
40
2 types of fermentation
lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation
41
the goal of this fermentation is to turn pyruvate to lactate
lactic acid fermentation
42
where does lactic acid fermentation occur
cytoplasm
43
lactic bacteria can carry out lactic acid fermentation such as
lactobacillus bulgaricus, and staphylococcus thermophilus
44
starting molecule of lactic acid fermentation
1 glucose
45
end product of lactic acid fermentation is
2 lactate
46
true or false: carbon dioxide is released in lactic acid fermentation
FALSE: No carbon dioxide is released in the process. All forms of fermentation except Lactic Acid Fermentation produce gas which plays a role in the laboratory identification of bacteria
47
net yield of lactic acid fermentation
2 ATP, 2 lactate
48
the pyruvate in lactic acid fermentation will undergo _____ to regenerate NADH to NAD to form 2 lactate
RedOx
49
animal skeletal muscles which move bones consist of cell fuels as long fibers. these fibers differ in how they make ATP. _____ fibers have many mitochondria and produce ATP by aerobic respiration
red fibers
50
these fibers sustain a prolonged activity such as marathon runs
red fiber
51
why are red fibers red?
because they have an abundance of myoglobin
52
____ is a protein that stores oxygen for aerobic respiration
myoglobin
53
what is the formula for aerobic respiration
C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose) + 6 O₂ (oxygen) → 6 CO₂ (carbon dioxide) + 6 H₂O (water) + Energy
54
____ contain few mitochondria and no myoglobin so they do not carry a lot of aerobic respiration.
white muscle fibers
55
how do white muscle fibers make use of their ATP
lactate fermentation
56
It is used for quick strenuous activities such as weightlifting or sprinting.
white muscle fibers
57
how can muscle cells make ATP if there is too little or no oxygen for aerobic respiration to continue
lactic acid fermentation
58
Build up of lactic acid may lead to _______ and oxygen is required to get rid of excess lactic acid. So you rest your body or try to sleep.
muscle spasm
59
TRUE OR FALSE: Some lactate fermenters spoil food but we use the others to preserve it.
TRUE
60
→ breaks down lactose in milk. → We use this bacteria to produce dairy products such as Butter milk, cheese, and yogurt. → We use this bacteria to preserve and ferment pickles and kimchi
lactobacillus
61
goal is to turn pyruvate to ethanol
alcoholic fermentation
62
in alcoholic fermentation, the pyruvate will undergo____ to produce 2 molecules o acetaldehyde and 2 carbon dioxide
decarboxylation
63
the acetaldehyde will undergo ___ to regenerate the NADH to NAD and will form ethanol
RedOx
64
location of alcoholic fermentation
cytoplasm
65
true or false: carbon dioxide will be released in alcoholic fermentation
true: Carbon dioxide is released in contrast with the Lactic Acid Fermentation
66
what is the net yield of alcoholic fermentation
2 NADH, 2 ATP, 2CO2, 2 Ethanol
67
bakers use _____ capabilities of one's spaces of yeast to make breads
alcoholic fermentation
68
cells breakdown ___ in bread dough and release ____
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide
69
the dough expands or rises as ___ forms bubbles in it
carbon dioxide
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