evolution

Question 1

Unpredictable natural process of change over time with physical change due to genetic modification

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

the change in the physical characteristics of a species over several generations.

Answer 2

evolution

Question 3

based on the idea that all species gradually change over time to be able to adapt to the continuous changing in the environment

Answer 3

natural selection

Question 3

evolution relies on the process of

Answer 3

natural selection

Question 4

who proposed natural selection

Answer 4

Charles Darwin

Question 5

Charles Darwin proposed natural selection upon his observation of the

Answer 5

peppered moth

Question 6

the population undergoes slow changes over generation

Answer 6

evolution involves descent over time

Question 7

certain changes in the DNA will affect the physical characteristics of a population

Answer 7

evolution involves genetic modification

Question 8

these changes occur continuously and gradually

Answer 8

evolution is unpredictable and natural

Question 9

what supports evolution

Answer 9

fossils

Question 10

preserved remnants of organisms. One of the richest sources of information about live forms that lived in the past.

Answer 10

fossils

Question 11

______ of sedimentary rocks in which fossils are located can help determine age of fossils

Answer 11

stratification

Question 12

A body will decompose unless it is covered by

Answer 12

sediment or volcanic ash

Question 13

(hard or soft) __________ elements of a body may be preserved from decomposition if they are covered quickly.

Answer 13

hard

Question 14

Over time, more layers of sediment, ash, or soil are deposited. The hard elements of the organism become ______ by the same minerals that comprise rocks.

Answer 14

mineralized

Question 15

Occasionally, erosion, uplifting of the earth’s crust, or human excavation may _____ fossils to the surface.

Answer 15

expose

Question 16

comparing these two structures will be compared to see similarities to existing organisms that it resembles

Answer 16

anatomy of the structure, embryological structures

Question 17

different origin, same function (the body structure has different origin but same function)

Answer 17

analogous structures

Question 18

common origin, different function (origin of the structure is the same but it has different functions)

Answer 18

homologous structures

Question 19

body structure has no function but is homologous to other organisms.

Answer 19

vestigial structure

Question 19

determining its ________ will contribute to its classification

Answer 19

developmental embryology

Question 19

determining the similarities between its molecules

Answer 19

biochemistry

Question 19

this estimates diversions of species from a common ancestor by looking at a certain gene

Answer 19

biochemistry

Question 20

are rare accidental events that change the nucleotide sequence of a gene.

Answer 20

mutations

Question 21

This focuses on studying the distribution of plants and animals around the world.

Answer 21

biogeography

Question 22

may be passed to the next and future generations and without mutation, there will be no evolution or physical changes in the characteristics of an organism.

Answer 22

non-lethal alleles

Question 23

why is natural selection good

Answer 23

it encourages changes in the gene pool

Question 24

group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same geographical area

Answer 24

population

Question 25

random changes in allele frequency due to chance events

Answer 25

genetic drift

Question 26

2 causes of genetic drift

Answer 26

bottleneck effect, founder effect

Question 27

Occurs when a major catastrophe wipes out a large proportion of the population without regard to fitness.

Answer 27

bottleneck effect

Question 28

Occurs when a few individuals leave the group and establish a new population.

Answer 28

founder effect

Question 28

Redistribution of alleles due to migration into and out of the population. Clue: Covid-19

Answer 28

gene flow

Question 29

is a phenomenon where a life form dies out completely.

Answer 29

extinction

Question 30

how many mass extinctions occurs in the last 530 million years?

Answer 30

5

Question 31

what was the largest mass extinction

Answer 31

permian-triassic

Question 32

to trace evolutionary change and relationships between species.

Answer 32

evolutionary trees

Question 33

most recent mass extinction

Answer 33

during the cretaceous period

Question 34

Evidence of adaptive radiation

Answer 34

story of Darwin's Finches

Question 35

The evolution of the finches in the island are a result of _____ of a common finch from south america. In order for them to survive, these finches have evolved depending on its location on the island.

Answer 35

adaptation

Question 36

short bursts of evolutionary activity or the development of new species within a short time.

Answer 36

adaptive radiation

Question 37

may simply be traced using a

Answer 37

phylogenic tree

Question 38

Scientists have proposed a more systematic way of classifying organisms through

Answer 38

taxonomic hierarchy

Question 39

It follows this system where the most general name of an organism is its domain followed by its kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species. (specific to general)

Answer 39

taxonomic hierarchy

Question 40

order of taxonomic hierarchy

Answer 40

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specie

Question 41

After the analysis, scientists distinguished our similarities with primates. We only differ in our _____and our ____. Which makes us a close relative.

Answer 41

genus, species

Question 42

It is safe to say that humans are

Answer 42

primates

Question 43

these organisms that fall under hominoids have

Answer 43

- larger brain - no tail - more complex social behavior

Question 44

us humans are closest to

Answer 44

chimpanzees

Question 45

● Appeared in Africa for about 4.4 MYA. ● Most likely the first hominid ● Almost all fossils discovered and upon analysis of its anatomy, it was suggested that it had been walking upright for some of the time based on the shape of its pelvis. However, not all scientists are convinced that these were true hominids. Current debates say that upright postures don’t define hominids. ● only walk upright some of the time.

Answer 45

Ardipithecus ramidus

Question 46

● Thought to be the direct ancestor of modern humans ● Appeared in Africa 3.2 MYA with Australopithecus Garhi ● Based on its anatomy and physiology, most definitely walked upright. ● Moreover, males were considerably larger than females. Thus suggesting sexual dimorphism

Answer 46

australopithecus afarensis

Question 47

● Appeared around 2.4 MYA ● It is the first distinct human ancestor ● Its name or genus and species means “handy man” as the first stone tools appeared this time ● They are the first tool maker ● The brain in this ancestor is continuously enlarging as long as changes in its physical appearance like its teeth and facial features. ● It has thick enamels in the teeth which suggests that this ancestor is an omnivore.

Answer 47

homo habilis

Question 48

● Appeared 2 MYA ● This group is more human looking than the rest ● Longer infancy ● Just like homo habilis, it has more brain enlargement based on the shape of its skull. ● This group continued to develop its tool making skills and its social skills ● They have been found in parts of Africa, Europe, and Asia. Giving its name out of africa ● Fossils of this group have been discovered along homo heidelbergensis. This group may have become the neanderthals which suggests that they may have coexisted.

Answer 48

homo erectus

Question 49

● The final phase of human development was marked by a substantial increase in brain size. ● For the development in spoken language and development of a physical structure that we would call human. ● This group is believed to have developed from Homo erectus and spread out from Africa. ● It has replaced all the homo species and is the only surviving homo species.

Answer 49

Homo sapiens

Question 50

● Was discovered in Callao Cave, Cagayan Province of the Philippines ● Based on the analysis of the fossils, it may have lived at least 50,000 to 67,000 years ago. ● This is not included in the diagram. ● The author, who published in nature, favors the view that the new species descends from a homo erectus group whose bodies gradually evolved into forms that are different from those of their ancestors. ● They have only received the teeth and have yet to discover the other fossil parts.

Answer 50

Homo luzonensis

Question 51

are slight changes in the character between subgroups of a common species.

Answer 51

racial differences

Question 51

All humans belong to a single species, however there are still unique features that distinguish one race from another. These are called

Answer 51

racial differences