ANAPHY FINALS BLOOD

Question 1

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 1

Transportation
Defense
Maintenance of Homeostasis

Question 2

Components of whole blood can be separated by a—

Answer 2

Centrifuge

Question 3

Liquid extracellular matrix

Answer 3

Plasma

Question 4

Cellular components of whole blood

Answer 4

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets (cytoplasmic fragments, not entire cell)

Question 5

Most common formed element and transport gases in blood

Answer 5

Erythrocytes

Question 6

The shape of erythrocyte and its purpose

Answer 6

Biconcave disc shape
- it increases surface area for gas exchange

Question 7

It has few organelles and no nucleus ; contains hemoglobin to transport gases

Answer 7

Erythrocytes

Question 8

What are the classification of leukocytes?

Answer 8

Granular and Agranular leukocytes

Question 9

Have granules that can be seen. Cite examples.

Answer 9

Granular leukocytes
Neutrophils (bacterial)
Eosinophils (parasitic/allergic)
Basophils (allergic)

Question 10

Have granules but cannot be easily seen. Cite examples.

Answer 10

Agranular Leukocyte
Lymphocyte (viral)
Monocyte (viral/fungal)

Question 11

Most common leukocyte (40-60%)

Answer 11

Neutrophils

Question 12

Neutrophil is characterized by (3)

Answer 12

1.Faint purple granules
2. Nucleus has two to five lobes
3. Phagocytic cells

Question 13

(2-4% of leukocyte count)

Answer 13

Eosinophil

Question 14

Eosinophil is characterized by (2)

Answer 14

1.Bright pink to red granules
2. Nucleus has two to three lobes

Question 15

Least common leukocyte (less than 1% of leukocyte count)

Answer 15

Basophil

Question 16

Basophil is characterized by (3)

Answer 16

1. Dark blue granules
2. Nucleus with two lobes
3. Granules release histamine

Question 17

Second most common leukocyte (20-30%)

Answer 17

Lymphocyte

Question 18

Lymphocyte is characterized by (1)
Cite examples (3)

Answer 18

Large nucleus with a thin rim of cytoplasm

Three groups are:
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Natural killer cells

Question 19

Large, with a horseshoe-shaped nucleus
Phagocytes
Mature into macrophages
(Fixed vs wandering macrophages)

Answer 19

Monocyte

Question 20

Process of producing formed elements and begins in red bone marrow

Answer 20

Hematopoiesis

Question 21

Can differentiate into any formed elements

But differentiate into ___ or ___ stem cells first

Answer 21

Hematopoietic stem cells

Lymphoid or Myeloid

Question 22

Differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells is driven by—

Answer 22

Chemical growth factors

Question 23

Promotes erythrocyte production called erythropoiesis

Answer 23

Erythropoietin

Question 24

Thrombopoietin promotes development of

Answer 24

Megakaryocytes and platelets

Question 25

Chemical signals released from a variety of tissues and stimulates production of various leukocytes as necessary

Answer 25

Cytokines

Question 26

Molecules or groups of molecules the body does not recognize as “self” • Trigger an immune response • Found on surface of red blood cells • Basis for blood types • Can also cause transfusion reactions when incompatible blood types are mixed

Answer 26

Antigens

Question 27

Blood types are determined based on the antigens present on the surface of—

Answer 27

RBC

Question 28

The three antigens commonly used are

Answer 28

• Antigen A • Antigen B • Antigen D (Rh factor) • Negative or positive blood type

Question 29

Proteins that are made by the immune system • Designed to bind to foreign antigens the body doesn’t recognize • Forms antigen-antibody complexes • Antigen-antibody complexes can initiate transfusion reactions • Cells agglutinate in response • “Stick together”

Answer 29

Antibodies

Question 30

Occurs when incompatible blood types are mixed • Cells clump together

Answer 30

Transfusion reactions

Question 31

______ of red blood cells can overload kidneys and can lead to kidney failure

Answer 31

Hemolysis

Question 32

ABO Blood groups

Answer 32

Based on presence or absence of A antigen and B antigen • Type A—A antigen only • Type B—B antigen only • Type AB—A and B antigens • Type O—neither antigen

Question 33

_____ produced against antigen(s) not present on a person’s red blood cells

Answer 33

Antibodies

Question 34

Is either present or absent

Answer 34

Rhesus antigen (Rh)

Question 35

• Can possibly occur when a Rh– mother is pregnant with an Rh+ fetus • Rare in first pregnancy, but complications may arise with second pregnancy • During first delivery, mother may be exposed to Rh antigen during birth • Anti-Rh antibodies will be produced in between pregnancies • If the second fetus is also Rh+, the antibodies the mother made will cross placenta and cause hemolysis

Answer 35

Hemolytic Disease of a Newborn (HDN)