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Anaphy > ANAPHY FINALS BLOOD VESSELS > Flashcards

ANAPHY FINALS BLOOD VESSELS Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Blood moves through the body by ___ through blood vessels

A

bulk flow

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2
Q

Flow is proportional to a ____ that must overcome resistance

A

pressure gradient

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3
Q

carry blood away from the heart and
branch to form other vessels

A

Arteries

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4
Q

Capillary exchange with tissues occurs primarily via ___

A

diffusion

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5
Q

___ carries blood throughout body to supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues

A

Systemic circuit

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6
Q

____ carries blood to the lung for gas exchange

A

Pulmonary circuit

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7
Q

Arteries branch to form—

A

arterioles

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8
Q

are the sites of exchange

A

Capillaries

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9
Q

(Circulation pathways) this carries blood back toward heart

A

Venules and veins

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10
Q

Blood vessels share same general characteristics with—

They vary in structure

A

Arteries and veins

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11
Q

hollow space blood flows through

A

Lumen

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12
Q

Why do Arteries and arterioles have smaller lumen and thicker walls

A

To withstand higher pressures

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13
Q

have thinner walls and larger lumen

A

Venules and veins

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14
Q

__ travels throughout body in blood vessels

A

Blood

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15
Q

Travels from areas of higher to lower pressure

A

Blood

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16
Q

Blood vessel walls are made of layers called tunics. Name the three.

A
  1. Tunica intima
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica externa
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17
Q

innermost layer
• Composed of endothelium and basement membrane
• Larger arteries contain internal elastic membrane (lamina)
• Additional layer of elastic fibers
• Provides additional elasticity to larger arteries
• Not found in veins

A

Tunica Intima (interna)

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18
Q

Damage to endothelium exposes collagen fibers, leading to

A

Clot formation

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19
Q

Endothelial cells release ___ to regulate vasoconstriction

A

Endothelins

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20
Q

middle layer • Mainly smooth muscle
▪ Nervi vasorum regulates contraction and relaxation of muscle
• Leads to vasoconstriction and vasodilation
• Primarily sympathetic innervation except for external genitalia
• Thicker tunica media in arteries than veins
• Larger arteries contain external elastic membrane (lamina)
• Provides additional elasticity in arteries • Not seen in smaller arteries or veins

A

Tunica media

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21
Q

outermost tunic
• Composed mainly of collagen and elastic fibers
• Maintains shape and structure of vessel
• Thicker in arteries than in veins
• Larger arteries and veins are supplied by vasa vasorum
• Vessels that exchange nutrients and wastes for the wall

A

Tunica externa

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22
Q

higher percentage of elastic fibers
• Help propel blood during ventricular diastole

A

Elastic arteries

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23
Q

higher percentage of smooth
muscle
• Aid in controlling distribution of blood

Study These Flashcards
A

Muscular arteries

24
Q

Microscopic arteries that lead to capillaries
• All three tunics are very thin
• Smooth muscle slightly contracted to maintain vascular tone
• Site of greatest resistance to blood flow
• Able to regulate blood pressure and distribution of blood flow

25
Used for exchange of substances between blood and tissues
Thin walled vessels
26
Three types of capillaries
A. Continuous capillaries B. Fenestrated capillaries C. Sinusoid(al) capillaries
27
most common type • Complete endothelial lining • Allows exchange of water, gases, and small molecules
Continuous capillaries
28
contain pores in endothelial lining • Found in small intestine and kidneys • Allow greater exchange of fluid and larger molecules
Fenestrated capillaries
29
least common • Large gaps in endothelium and basement membrane • Found in liver, spleen, and red bone marrow • Allow exchange of plasma proteins and cells
Sinusoid(al) capillaries
30
____ regulate flow of blood into capillary beds using precapillary sphincters • Located at openings of capillary beds from metarteriole
Metarterioles
31
contract to limit blood flow through capillary
Sphincters
32
Extremely small veins • Merge to form veins
Venules
33
Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart • Thinner walls than arteries • Larger lumens • Low pressure vessels • Contain valves to prevent backflow • Function as blood reservoirs due to larger lumen • Venoconstriction speeds up venous return to heart
Veins
34
Typical pattern of blood flow is:
Artery, arteriole, capillary bed, venule, then vein
35
Variations to blood flow pathways
Arterial anastomosis Venous anastomosis Portal system
36
multiple arteries supply a common capillary bed ▪ Provides alternate routes for arterial blood to reach tissue
Arterial anastomosis
37
venules split and contribute to multiple veins
Venous anastomosis
38
links two capillary beds between the artery and vein ▪ Artery, arteriole, capillary bed, connecting vessel, capillary bed, venule, vein
Portal system
39
the movement of blood through the body
Blood flow
40
Flow rate is influenced by
pressure gradient
41
The greater the ____ , the higher the blood pressure must be to maintain flow ▪ The greater the _____ , the greater the flow rate
Resistance ; pressure gradient
42
Flow rate is opposed by
resistance
43
Arterial Blood Pressure (APR) Measured using a _____ at the brachial artery
sphygmomanometer
44
Which is systolic and diastolic? 120/80 mm Hg
The top—120 is the systolic The bottom—80 is the diastolic
45
difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
Pulse pressure (PP)
46
“average” pressure arteries experience
Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
47
Homeostatic range for MAP is
70 – 110 mm Hg
48
Low MAP can lead to ____ due to poor blood flow
ischemia
49
may lead to hypoxia and tissue death
Ischemia
50
The expansion and recoil of arteries as blood flows through them
Pulse
51
Common pulse points are the: (3)
radial artery (wrist), common carotid artery (neck), and dorsalis pedis artery (foot)
52
Factors that influence pressure or resistance will affect flow
• Cardiac output • Blood volume • Vessel compliance • Viscosity of blood
53
amount of blood ejected from each ventricle per minute
Cardiac output (CO)
54
amount of blood within vascular system
Blood volume
55
This equation relates resistance to blood flow
Poiseuille’s equation

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