ANAT GIT - Week 4 (incl. ANAT Workbook)

Question 1

Classification & appearance of the mucosal folds in the small intestine.

Answer 1

Plicae circulares. Complete circular folds.

Question 2

Classification & appearance of the mucosal folds in the large intestine.

Answer 2

Haustral folds. Incomplete circular folds.

Question 3

Classify the caecum as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?

Answer 3

Intra.

Question 4

Classify the transverse colon as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?

Answer 4

Intra.

Question 5

Classify the sigmoid colon as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?

Answer 5

Intra.

Question 6

Classify the rectum as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?

Answer 6

Retro.

Question 7

Classify the ascending colon as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?

Answer 7

Secondary.

Question 8

Classify the descending colon as intra, retro or secondarily retro?

Answer 8

Secondary.

Question 9

What is the peritoneal cavity and what does it typically contain in a healthy person?

Answer 9

Space btw parietal & visceral layers of peritoneum. Contains small amount of peritoneal fluid.

Question 10

Vertebral level of the transpyloric plane.

Answer 10

L1 - midway btw jugular notch & border of pubic symphysis.

Question 11

Vertebral level of Addison’s plane.

Answer 11

L1 - midway btw jugular notch & border of pubic symphysis.

Question 12

Ascites

Answer 12

Build up of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

Question 13

What ligaments compose the lesser omentum of the stomach?

Answer 13

Hepatogastric & hepatoduodenal ligaments.

Question 14

Describe common hepatic artery development to proper hepatic artery.

Answer 14

Common hepatic artery - origin aorta & becomes proper hepatic artery after branching to supply the gastro-duodenal artery.

Question 15

Vertebral level of the liver

Answer 15

T9/10-L1/2

Question 16

Vertebral level of the stomach

Answer 16

T7-L3

Question 17

Vertebral level of the spleen

Answer 17

T9-T12

Question 18

Vertebral level of the kidneys

Answer 18

T12-L3

Question 19

Vertebral level of the esophagus

Answer 19

T11

Question 20

Vertebral level of the pyloric sphincter

Answer 20

L1

Question 21

Vertebral level of the rectosigmoid junction

Answer 21

L3

Question 22

Lowest part of the peritoneal cavity in the supine position of someone with or without a uterus.

Answer 22

Subphrenic recess
Morrison’s pouch/hepatorenal recess
Rectovesical pouch (males) & rectouterine pouch (females)

Question 23

What innervates parietal peritoneum?

Answer 23

Somatic nerves.

Question 24

What innervates visceral peritoneum?

Answer 24

Autonomic nerves.

Question 25

Why does abdominal rigidity indicate peritonitis?

Answer 25

Increased fluid & WBC in peritoneal cavity -> swelling & irritation of peritoneum -> tensed abdominal muscles -> guarding/protective mechanism.

Question 26

Describe somatic pain

Answer 26

Sharp, localised pain felt in the skin, muscles and other tissues.

Question 27

Triggers of somatic pain

Answer 27

Trauma, surgery, inflammation.

Question 28

Describe visceral pain

Answer 28

Deep, dull ache felt in internal organs.

Question 29

Triggers of visceral pain.

Answer 29

Infection, ischaemia, inflammation.

Question 30

Stomach pain can refer to

Answer 30

Epigastric region, lower chest, upper back.

Question 31

Gallbladder pain can refer to

Answer 31

Upper R shoulder, back, R abdo

Question 32

Kidney pain can refer to

Answer 32

Flanks, lower back

Question 33

Ureter pain can refer to

Answer 33

Lower groin.

Question 34

What events occur at the transpyloric plane?

Answer 34

L1 Pylorus, pancreatic neck, duodenojejunal flexure, fundus of the gall bladder, kidney hila, portal vein origin, transverse mesocolon, 2nd part duodenum, SMA origin, hila of the spleen, termination of the SC.

Question 35

What part of the oesophagus does coffee affect and what is the likely consequence?

Answer 35

LOS. Heartburn.

Question 36

Name of appendiges coming off large intestine.

Answer 36

Epiploid appendiges (fatty).

Question 37

State what causes the cystic duct to fill

Answer 37

Fills as the pancreatic sphincter/sphincter of Oddi closes.

Question 38

Describe the location and function of the hepatic portal vein

Answer 38

Sits on top of the IVC. Carries nutrient-rich blood from the intestine, gall bladder, pancreas & spleen -> liver.

Question 39

Describe the function of hepatic veins.

Answer 39

Carry deoxy. blood from liver -> vena cava.

Question 40

Compare and contrast the structure of the jejunum & ileum

Answer 40

Jejunum - arcs formed by arcuate fibres are smaller & shorter w larger vasorecta (straight vessels) => thicker walls with increased folds for max SA:V & absorption. Ileum - arc formed by arcuate fibres are bigger & longer w smaller vasorecta => thinner walls.

Question 41

What artery does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain?

Answer 41

Proper hepatic a.

Question 42

Classify the oesophagus as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?

Answer 42

Retro.

Question 43

Classify the stomach as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?

Answer 43

Intra.

Question 44

Classify the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th parts of the duodenum as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?

Answer 44

Intra, secondarily retro (2nd & 3rd), intra.