Anatomy 13 - The Digestive System • The Midgut and Hindgut Flashcards Preview

Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 > Anatomy 13 - The Digestive System • The Midgut and Hindgut > Flashcards

Flashcards in Anatomy 13 - The Digestive System • The Midgut and Hindgut Deck (42)
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1
Q

What comprises the digestive system in the abdomen and pelvis

A

The jejunum, ileum, caecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, defending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal

2
Q

What arteries supply the midgut and hindgut

A

The anterior branches of the abdominal aorta and the pelvic artery

3
Q

What are the branches of the abdominal aorta

A

The superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric

4
Q

What does the pelvic artery supply blood to

A

The lower rectum and anal canal

5
Q

What veins drain the midgut and hindgut

A

The hepatic portal veins

6
Q

What is the peritoneum

A

The lining of the abdominal cavity

7
Q

What does the peritoneum do

A

It holds the organs to the abdominal wall and also creates a smooth environment for the organs

8
Q

The structures found within the peritoneum are known as

A

Intraperitoneal structures

9
Q

What are structures stuck to the posterior abdominal wall known as

A

The retroperitoneal structures

10
Q

Where does the midgut start and end

A

It starts at the distal duodenum and end 2/3rds along the transverse colon

11
Q

The structures within the midgut are supplied blood from

A

The superior mesenteric

12
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric sit

A

At L1 level of the aorta

13
Q

What veins does blood from the midgut drain into

A

The superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein

14
Q

The jejunum and ileum are part of

A

The small intestine

15
Q

The ileum joins the caecum at

A

The ileo-caecal junction

16
Q

What are the jejunum and ileum suspend from

A

The posterior abdominal wall

17
Q

What suspends the jejunum and ileum

A

Mesentery

18
Q

What is the main function of the jejunum and ileum

A

To absorb nutrients

19
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches found

A

In the ileum

20
Q

What are Peyer’s pathes

A

Isolated lymphoid immune tissue

21
Q

Function of Peyer’s patches

A

They are involved in the development of immunity to antigens present in the small intestine

22
Q

What is the caecum part of

A

The large intestine

23
Q

What is the small outgrowth from the caecum called

A

The appendix

24
Q

If the appendix becomes inflamed this is known as

A

Appendicitis

25
Q

The removal of an appendix is known as an

A

Appendectomy

26
Q

Where does the ascending colon end

A

At the hepatic flexure

27
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine

A

The absorption of nutrient and water

28
Q

What are tenure coli

A

Longitudinal muscle bands

29
Q

What are haustra

A

Sacculations

30
Q

What are appendices epiplocae

A

Fatty tags

31
Q

Where does the hindgut start and finish

A

It starts at the splenic flexure and ends at the anal canal

32
Q

What is the hindgut composed of

A

Distal transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and the anal canal

33
Q

What supplies blood to the hindgut

A

The inferior mesenteric

34
Q

Where does the inferior mesenteric sit

A

It sits at L3 level of the aorta

35
Q

Where is blood from the hindgut drained to

A

Blood up to the mid-rectum is drained into the portal vein and blood from the distal rectum drains directly into the inferior vena cava

36
Q

Where does the descending colon start and finish

A

It starts at the splenic flexure and ends at the sigmoid colon

37
Q

What does the sigmoid colon pass over

A

The pelvic brim

38
Q

Where does the rectum begin and end

A

It starts at the sigmoid colon and ends at the anal canal

39
Q

The rectum acts as a junction between

A

The portal and systemic drainage of the intestine

40
Q

Where is the anal canal

A

In the pelvis

41
Q

What is the anal canal composed of

A

Smooth muscle and skeletal muscle sphincters

42
Q

What do the skeletal muscle sphincters of the anal canal allow for

A

Voluntary control of deification