Anatomy 2.1 Muscular

Question 1

Skeletal striated muscle

Answer 1

Voluntary somatic muscle that makes up the gross skeletal muscles that compose the muscular system (eyeballs)

Question 2

Cardiac striated muscle

Answer 2

Involuntary visceral muscle that forms most of the walls of the heart and adjacent parts of the great vessels (aorta)

Question 3

Smooth muscle

Answer 3

Involuntary visceral muscle that forms part of the walls of most vessels and hollow organs (peristaltic contractions)

(Unstriated)

Question 4

Pennate muscles

Answer 4

Parallel fibers often with an aponeurosis

Question 5

Aponeuroses

Answer 5

When tendons of a muscle form flat sheets

Question 6

Fusiform muscles

Answer 6

Spindle shaped with a round thick belly and tapered ends

Question 7

Convergent muscles

Answer 7

Arise from a broad area and converge to form a single tendon

Question 8

Circular muscles

Answer 8

Surround a body opening, constricting it when contracted

Question 9

Digastric muscles

Answer 9

Have two bellies

Question 10

What do tonic contractions provide?

Answer 10

The muscle with a certain firmness, assisting the stability of joints and maintenance of posture (keeping muscle ready to respond to stimuli)

Question 11

What are the two types of Phasic contractions?

Answer 11

Isotonic contractions

Isometric contractions

Question 12

Isotonic contraction

Answer 12

Muscles changes length in relationship to the production of movement

Question 13

Isometric contraction

Answer 13

Muscle length remains the same (resist movement)

Question 14

What are the two types of isotonic contraction?

Answer 14

Concentric

Eccentric

Question 15

Concentric contraction

Answer 15

Muscle shortening (create movement)

Question 16

Eccentric contraction

Answer 16

Muscle lengthening (control movement)

Question 17

Prime mover

Answer 17

Main muscle responsible for producing a movement of the body

Question 18

Fixator

Answer 18

Steadies the proximal parts of a limb through isometric contraction while movements are occurring in distal parts

Question 19

Synergist

Answer 19

Complements the action of the prime mover

Question 20

Antagonist

Answer 20

Muscle that opposes the action of another muscle

Question 21

Motor unit

Answer 21

Consist of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls

Question 22

What does muscle testing help do?

Answer 22

Diagnose nerve injuries

Question 23

What are the methods of muscle testing?

Answer 23

Person performs movements that resist those of the examiner

Examiner performs movements that resist those of the person

Electromyography (EMG)

Question 24

Absence of muscle tone

Answer 24

An antagonist muscle may cause a limb to assume an abnormal resting position

Question 25

What type of workout causes most muscle soreness?

Answer 25

Eccentric (more likely to produce microtears or periosteal irritation)

Question 26

What happens when there is a pulled muscle?

Answer 26

When a muscle elongates more than 1/3 of its resting position

Question 27

How are new skeletal muscles formed?

Answer 27

Through satellite cells (fuse with each other to form new skeletal muscle fibers)

Question 28

What happens to the muscle after traumatic injury?

Answer 28

It is composed of a disorganized mixture of muscle fibers and fibrous scar tissue

Question 29

When does hypertrophy of the myocardium occur?

Answer 29

When cardiac striated muscles are damaged (myocardium gets bigger to help supply heart with more blood)

Question 30

Endomysium

Answer 30

Surrounds muscle fibers

Question 31

Perimysium

Answer 31

Surrounds muscle fascicles

Question 32

Epimysium

Answer 32

Surrounds whole muscle

Question 33

What are examples of impairments?

Answer 33

Fracture, tear, severed nerve

Question 34

What are examples of activity limitations?

Answer 34

Activities of daily living (self care)

Question 35

What are examples of participation restrictions?

Answer 35

Stuff you do outside of home (weight lifting)

Question 36

Single joint muscles

Answer 36

Only crossing one joint

Question 37

Multi joint muscles

Answer 37

Crossing two joints

Question 38

Active insufficiency

Answer 38

Multi joint muscle shortens over both joints simultaneously and creates so much slack that muscle tension is lost

Question 39

Passive insufficiency

Answer 39

Multi joint muscle is lengthened to its fullest extent at both joints so it cannot stretch any further

Question 40

What is the role of connective tissue layers in muscle function?

Answer 40

Limits lateral expansion of muscles during contraction

Question 41

What does moving joints closer together create?

Answer 41

More slack

Question 42

What does moving joints further apart create?

Answer 42

More tension

Question 43

Gross screening

Answer 43

Typically isometric General appraisal of muscle strength

Question 44

Manual muscle testing

Answer 44

Typically isometric Appraisal of strength of specific muscle

Question 45

Reflexive contraction

Answer 45

Automatic involuntary contractions