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Human Anatomy > Anatomy 4.1 > Flashcards

Anatomy 4.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Excessive anteversion

A

In toeing (exceeding 15°)

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2
Q

Retroversion

A

Out toeing

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3
Q

What holds the head of the femur in the acetabulum?

A

Acetabular labrum

Ligament of head of femur

Transverse acetabular ligament

Zona orbicularis

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4
Q

What does the pubifemoral ligament do?

A

Resists abduction, external rotation, and extension

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5
Q

What does the ischiofemoral ligament do?

A

Resist internal rotation and extension

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6
Q

What does the iliofemoral ligament do?

A

Resist extension, external rotation, and abduction

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7
Q

What is the role of the hip?

A

Weight bearing and primary functions are in closed chain

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8
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

Large diarthrodial synovial ball and socket joint

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9
Q

Diarthrodial

A

Two parts of bone meeting covered by hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

What is the longest and strongest bone in the human body?

A

Femur

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11
Q

Why does the shaft of the femur have a slight anterior convexity?

A

Allows for shock absorption

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12
Q

What is a problem with having a coxa valga hip joint?

A

Decreased stability (bigger angle)

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13
Q

What is the problem with having a coxa vara hip joint?

A

Increased chance of femoral bench fracture (most common in kids and elderly)

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14
Q

Femoral torsion

A

Describes the relative rotation between bone shaft and the neck

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15
Q

What does a larger center edge angle add?

A

Stability

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16
Q

What does retroversion result in?

A

Coxa valga

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17
Q

What does the larger center edge angle refer to?

A

Amount of the femoral head that is covered by the acetabulum

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18
Q

Hip flexion

A

Spin with slight posterior glide of the femoral head on the acetabulum

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19
Q

Hip extension

A

Spin with slight anterior glide of the femoral head on the acetabulum

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20
Q

Hip abduction

A

Inferior glide of femoral head on acetabulum

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21
Q

Hip adduction

A

Superior glide of femoral head on acetabulum

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22
Q

Hip internal rotation

A

Posterior glide of femoral head on acetabulum

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23
Q

Hip external rotation

A

Anterior glide of femoral head on acetabulum

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24
Q

What is the posterior surface of patella covered by?

A

Articular cartilage

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25
What is the posterior surface of patella divided by?
Vertical ridge
26
How does the patella sit in full knee extension?
High on the anterior surface on the distal femur
27
How does the patella sit in full knee flexion?
Sinks more distally into the intercondylar notch
28
Patella Baja
Shortening of quad tendon (patella sits below mid part of joint line)
29
Patella Alta
Lengthening of quad tendon (patella sits above mid part of joint line)
30
Which is larger between the medial and lateral tibial condyles?
Medial tibial Condyle is 50% larger (cartilage is 3x thicker on medial)
31
What are characteristics of the menisci?
Increases stability by deepening tibial plateaus Decreases friction by 20% Increases contact area by 70% Absorbs shock Distributes pressure between femur and tibia in weight bearing Balance Intra articular pressure of muscle action
32
Screw home mechanism
Locking mechanism of knee as it nears final extension (femur rotates internally and tibia rotates externally)
33
What happens in the open chain during knee extension?
Tibia glides anterior on femur (rotates externally)
34
What happens in the closed chain during knee extension?
Femur glides posterior on tibia (rotates internally)
35
What happens in the open chain during knee flexion?
Tibia glides posterior on femur (rotates internally)
36
What happens in closed chain during knee flexion?
Femur glides anterior on tibia (rotates externally)
37
What are the regions of the lower limb?
Gluteal region Femoral region Knee region Posterior region of knee Leg region Talocrural region Foot region
38
What does the gluteal region consist of?
Buttocks Gluteal fold Hip region
39
What does the femoral region consist of?
Femur
40
Where does the transition from the trunk to the free lower limb occur?
In the inguinal region (groin)
41
What does the knee region consist of?
Condyles of distal femur and proximal tibia Head of fibula Patella
42
What does the posterior region of the knee include?
Well defined, fat filled hollow, transmitting neurovascular structures called popliteal fossa
43
What does the leg region consist of?
Most of the tibia and fibula
44
What does the talocrural region consist of?
Medial and lateral prominences that flank the ankle joint
45
What does the foot region consist of?
Tarsus Metatarsus Phalanges
46
Pelvic girdle
Bony ring composed of the sacrum and right and left hip bones joined anteriorly at the pubic symphysis
47
What forms the hip bone?
Fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
48
Ilium
Forms largest part of hip bone and is superior to the acetabulum
49
What does the body of the ilium join?
Pubis and ischium to form acetabulum
50
What do the anterior superior and inferior iliac spines do?
Provide attachment for ligaments and tendons
51
What does the iliac crest do?
Serves as a protective bumper and is an important site for attachment of muscles and deep fascia
52
Ischium
Forms the postero inferior part of the hip bone
53
What does the Pubis form?
Forms the anteromedial part of hip bone contributing to the anterior part of the acetabulum
54
What does the pubis provide?
Proximal attachment for muscles of the medial thigh
55
Femur
Longest and heaviest bone in the body and it transmits body weight from the hip bone to the tibia when you are standing
56
Angle of inclination
How the head of the femur fits in the acetabulum
57
What type of joint is the Hip joint?
Ball and socket synovial
58
What does the hip joint articulate with?
Femoral head
59
What ligaments are in the hip joint?
Iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament
60
What movements occur in the hip joint?
Flexion and extension Abduction and adduction Medial and lateral rotation Circumduction
61
How does the hip joint get blood supply?
Retinacular arteries
62
What is the anterior aspect of the hip joint innervated by?
Femoral nerve
63
What is the inferior aspect of the hip joint innervated by?
Obturator nerve
64
What is the posterior aspect of the hip joint innervated by?
Branches from the nerve to the quadratus femoris
65
What is the superior aspect of the hip joint innervated by?
Superior gluteal nerve
66
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Human Anatomy (26 decks)

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