Anatomy 4.2

Question 1

What bones make up the knee joint?

Answer 1

Tibiofemoral

Patellofemoral

Proximal tibiofibular

Question 2

Genu varum

Answer 2

Knee more abducted

Question 3

Genu valgum

Answer 3

Knee more adducted

Question 4

Varus

Answer 4

Displacement to the distal part of the limb toward midline

Question 5

Valgus

Answer 5

Displacement of the distal part of the limb away from the midline

Question 6

How does the patella move during flexion?

Answer 6

Inferior

Question 7

How does the patella move during extension?

Answer 7

Superior

Question 8

Which hip ligament is the strongest?

Answer 8

Illiofemoral

Question 9

What are known as the extensor retinaculum?

Answer 9

Anteromedial and anterolateral portions of the capsule

Question 10

What is the extensor retinaculum knee composed of?

Answer 10

Transverse and longitudinal fibrous bands connecting patella to surrounding structures

Question 11

How can the MCL heal?

Answer 11

It has a relationship to the capsule

Question 12

What does the MCL play a supportive role in?

Answer 12

Checking anterior tibial translation when ACL is absent

Question 13

Which ligament is stronger ACL or PCL?

Answer 13

PCL

Question 14

What are the primary lateral ankle ligaments?

Answer 14

Anterior talofibular

Calcaneofibular

Posterior talofibular

Question 15

What are the medial ankle ligaments?

Answer 15

Anterior tibiotalar

Posterior tibiotalar

Tibiocalcaneal

Tibionavicular

Question 16

Dorsiflexion

Answer 16

Talus rolls anteriorly and glides posteriorly

Question 17

Plantarflexion

Answer 17

Talus rolls posteriorly and glides anteriorly

Question 18

What movements occur in the talocrural joint?

Answer 18

Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion (convex on concave)

Question 19

What is the subtalar joint?

Answer 19

Articulation between the talus and the calcaneus

Question 20

How does subtalar joint function in closed chain?

Answer 20

Concave on convex (in closed chain most of the time)

Question 21

How does the subtalar joint function in open chain?

Answer 21

Convex on concave

Question 22

Supination of ankle

Answer 22

When weight is shifted on the outside of the foot and the arch raises

Question 23

Pronation of ankle

Answer 23

Weight is shifted from the heel to the forefoot and the arch flattens

Question 24

What are the functions of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

Answer 24

Shock absorption and weight transmission

Question 25

What are the functions of the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?

Answer 25

Increases mobility

Question 26

What gender tears ACL more often?

Answer 26

Females

Question 27

What goes along with an ACL tear 2/3 of the time?

Answer 27

Meniscus tear

Question 28

How can you manually test an ACL tear?

Answer 28

Checking the anterior tibial displacement

Question 29

What is the most common ligament injury in the knee?

Answer 29

MCL

Question 30

Patellofemoral syndrome

Answer 30

Occurs with abnormal patellar tracking especially excessive lateral tracking with full knee extension

Question 31

What is one of the most common disabilities of the knee?

Answer 31

Patellofemoral syndrome

Question 32

What are symptoms of Patellofemoral syndrome?

Answer 32

Gradual onset of anterior knee pain with prolonged sitting, stairs, and squatting

Question 33

How can you examine Patellofemoral syndrome?

Answer 33

Excessive hamstring tightness Rectus femoris and iliotibial inflexibility

Question 34

Plantar fasciitis

Answer 34

Repetitive microtrauma leading to injury (inflammation of plantar fascia)

Question 35

What are symptoms of plantar fasciitis?

Answer 35

Pain worse in the morning when they first get out of bed (due to flexing plantar all night)

Question 36

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 36

Synovial hinge

Question 37

What articulates with the knee joint?

Answer 37

Two femorotibial articulations (lateral and medial) One intermediate femoral patellar articulation

Question 38

What ligaments make up the knee joint? (Extracapsular)

Answer 38

Patellar ligament Fibular collateral ligament Tibial collateral ligament Oblique popliteal ligament Arcuate popliteal ligament

Question 39

What ligaments make up the knee joint? (Intra articular)

Answer 39

Posterior cruciate ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Meniscus Transverse ligament of the knee Medial meniscus Lateral meniscus

Question 40

What are the movements in the knee joint?

Answer 40

Flexion and extension (Little rotation when knee is flexed)

Question 41

How does the knee receive blood supply?

Answer 41

Through 10 vessels called the genicular anastomoses

Question 42

What nerves supply the anterior, posterior, and lateral aspects of the knee?

Answer 42

Femoral, tibial, and common fibular nerves

Question 43

What nerves supply the medial aspect of the knee joint?

Answer 43

Saphenous (cutaneous) nerve

Question 44

Read clinical anatomy