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Neuro > Anatomy 21 (Neuro 4) > Flashcards

Anatomy 21 (Neuro 4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest part of the hindbrain?

A

Cerebellum

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2
Q

What is the cerebellum involved in?

A

Coordination of movement and balance

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3
Q

What are the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum joined together by?

A

Vermis

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4
Q

Which ventricles does the cerebral aqueduct interconnect?

A

3rd and 4th ventricles

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5
Q

What is the red nucleus?

A

Circular mass of grey matter

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6
Q

Where is the red nucleus located in relevance to the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Ventro-lateral

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7
Q

What is the substantia nigra?

A

A black band of nerve cells

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8
Q

What brain structure does the substantia nigra overly?

A

Crus cerebri (cerebral peduncles)

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9
Q

Where is the substantia nigra located in relevance to the red nucleus?

A

Ventro-lateral to the red nucleus on each side

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10
Q

What does the horizontal fissure mark?

A

Lateral and posterior margins of the hemisphere

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11
Q

What fissure borders the anterior lobes posteriorly?

A

Primary fissure

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12
Q

What fissure borders the posterior lobe anteriorly?

A

Primary fissure

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13
Q

What fissure borders the posterior lobe posteriorly?

A

Horizontal fissure

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14
Q

What does the primary fissure mark the division between?

A

Marks the division between the anterior and posterior lobes of each cerebellar hemisphere

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15
Q

What is a tonsil?

A

A prominent rounded swelling of the cerebellar cortex anteriorly on either side of the vermis

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16
Q

Where is the flocculus located?

A

Lies immediately posterior to the lateral foramen of the 4th ventricle on each side

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17
Q

What is the flocculus partly covered by?

A

Choroid plexus

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18
Q

What is the function of the flocculus?

A

Involved in motor control

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19
Q

What cranial nerves cross the flocculus?

A

Vagus
Hypoglossal

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20
Q

What is the nodule?

A

Continuous with the flocculus via a peduncle of white matte

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21
Q

What is the flocculo-nodular lobe?

A

The flocculus and nodule together, primarily concerned with vestibular information

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22
Q

What is the corticopontocerebellar pathway?

A

Connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum passing through the pons and the contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP)

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23
Q

What is the vestibulocerebellar tract?

A

A tract in the pontine tegmentum which connects the vestibular nerve and the cerebellar cortex

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24
Q

What is the spinocerebellar tract?

A

A somatosensory part of the sensory nervous system that relays unconscious proprioceptive information from the lower limbs and trunk of the body to the cerebellum

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25
Q

What is the dentate nucleus?

A

The largest and most lateral of the deep cerebellar nuclei

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26
Q

Where do the major fibre bundles of the dentate nucleus pass into?

A

Passing into the superior cerebellar peduncle

27
Q

What is the function of the dentate nucleus?

A

Regulates fine-control of voluntary movements, cognition, language, and sensory functions

28
Q

What is the rhomboid fossa?

A

Diamond shaped floor of the IVth ventricle

29
Q

What is the rhomboid fossa limited by?

A

Laterally by the cerebellar peduncles and
Posteriorly by the gracile and cuneate tubercles

30
Q

What are the gracile tubercles?

A

Medial dorsal columns carrying touch, vibration, two-point discrimination and proprioception from the lower limb

31
Q

What are the cuneate tubercles?

A

Lateral dorsal columns carrying touch, vibration, two-point discrimination and proprioception from the upper limb

32
Q

What does the median sulcus divide?

A

The rhomboid fossa into triangular left and right halves

33
Q

What is the facial colliculus?

A

A unique feature located in the pons that houses the abducens nucleus and the facial motor fibres

34
Q

What is the medullary striae?

A

Aberrant ponto-cerebellar fibres passing from the pons to
the cerebellum.

They divide the floor of the ventricle into a rostral pontine half and a caudal medullary half.

35
Q

What is the locus coeruleus?

A

A small brainstem nucleus, is the primary source of the neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) in the brain

36
Q

What is the hypoglossal trigone?

A

Medial triangular area overlying the hypoglossal (Cn12) nerve nucleus

37
Q

What is the vagal trigone?

A

Intermediate triangular area overlying the vagus (Cn10) nerve nucleus

38
Q

What is the vestibular trigone?

A

Lateral triangular area overlying the vestibulocochlear
(Cn8) nerve nucleus

39
Q

What is the obex?

A

The point in the human brain at which the fourth ventricle narrows to become the central canal of the spinal cord

40
Q

What is the area postrema?

A

A small tongue-shaped area immediately rostro-lateral to the obex

41
Q

What is the area postrema commonly associated with?

A

Nausea control - a chemoreceptive trigger zone for the emetic response, and lies outside the blood-brain barrier

42
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Primary commissural region of the brain consisting of white matter tracts that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres

43
Q

What is the genu?

A

Bend of the anterior corpus callosum

44
Q

What is the rostrum?

A

Floor of the frontal horn

45
Q

What is the splenium?

A

Thickest and most posterior portion of the corpus callosum

46
Q

What is the fornix?

A

A bundle of white matter beneath the body of the corpus callosum

47
Q

What does the fornix connect?

A

Hippocampus with the diencephalon and precommissural septum

48
Q

What is the comissure of the fornix?

A

Fibres from one hippocampus cross to the opposite fornix and so back to the opposite hippocampus

49
Q

What are the columns of the fornix?

A

Anterior and posterior extensions of the fornix, anteriorly they extend vertically downwards to the mamillary bodies

50
Q

What is the anterior commisure?

A

A thick bundle of white matter crossing the midline horizontally between the lamina terminalis and the fornix, crosses to interconnect the temporal lobes and olfactory structures of each side

51
Q

What is the septum pellucidum?

A

Two thin vertical sheets made primarily of glia with a few white fibres, sparse grey matter and a covering of ependyma at the anterior inferior border of the corpus callosum from the fornices

52
Q

What is the lamina terminalis?

A

A thin sheet of ependyma and pia which extends downwards from the rostrum of the callosum and fornix to the anterior wall of the 3rd ventricle

53
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

All information from your body’s senses (except smell) must be processed through your thalamus before being sent to your brain’s cerebral cortex for interpretation.

Your thalamus also plays a role in sleep, wakefulness, consciousness, learning and memory.

54
Q

What is the function of the interthalamic adhesion?

A

Forms a bridge of tissue connecting the thalamus of each hemisphere across the midline

55
Q

What is the hypothalamic sulcus?

A

Separates the thalamus (superiorly) from the hypothalamus (inferiorly)

56
Q

What is the medial geniculate nucleus?

A

Relays auditory information from the midbrain to the auditory cortex and passes some fibres via the inferior brachium to the inferior colliculi

57
Q

What is the lateral geniculate nucleus?

A

Relays visual information from the optic nerve to both the visual cortex via the optic radiation (for vision) and the
superior colliculi via the superior brachium (for pupillary reflexes)

58
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Contributes to body homeostasis and to autonomic nervous and neuroendocrine systems control

59
Q

What is the primary function of the subthalamus?

A

Movement regulation

60
Q

What is the function of the preoptic area?

A

Serves as an essential brain region to coordinate sleep and body temperature

61
Q

What are association fibres?

A

These link cortical regions within one cerebral hemisphere

62
Q

What are commissural fibres?

A

These link similar functional areas of the two hemispheres, e.g., the corpus callosum

63
Q

What are projection fibres?

A

These link the cortex with subcortical structures such as the thalamus and spinal cord via the internal capsule and the corona radiata

Neuro (14 decks)

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