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Neuro > Systems Level Neural Architecture > Flashcards

Systems Level Neural Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are the subdivisions of the brain? (3 parts)

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

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2
Q

What are the subdivisions of the brain? (5 parts)

A

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

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3
Q

What does the myelencephalon (medulla) contain?

A

Tracts carrying signals between the rest of the brain and the body

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4
Q

What vital functions is the myelencephalon involved in?

A

Sleep/wakefulness
Movement
Maintenance of muscle tone
Cardiac/circulatory/respiratory/excretory reflexes

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5
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

Relay from the cortex and midbrain to the cerebellum

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6
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Motor coordination
Recently implicated in cognitive and affective/emotional function

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7
Q

What are the two main parts of the midbrain?

A

Tegmentum
Tectum

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8
Q

What is the function of the tectum?

A

Visual/spatial and auditory frequency maps

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9
Q

What is another name for the tectum?

A

Colliculli

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10
Q

What is the superior colliculus sensitive to?

A

Sensory change - orienting/defensive movements

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11
Q

What is the inferior colliculus sensitive to?

A

Sensory change - auditory events

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12
Q

What are the 3 parts of the tegmentum?

A

Periaqueductal gray
Red nucleus
Substantia nigra

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13
Q

What is the function of the periaquductal gray?

A

Role in defensive behaviour
Role in pain (ascending and descending signals)
Role in reproduction

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14
Q

What is the function of the red nucleus?

A

Role in pre-cortical motor control (especially arms and legs)

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15
Q

What is the substantia nigra part of?

A

Basal ganglia

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16
Q

What is the diencephalon comprised of?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

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17
Q

What is the function of the specific nuclei in the thalamus?

A

Relay signals to cortex/limbic system for all sensations (but smell…)

18
Q

What is the function of the non-specific nuclei in the thalamus?

A

Role in regulating state of sleep and wakefulness and levels of arousal

19
Q

What does the hypothalamus regulate?

A

Regulates the pituitary gland which regulates hormonal secretion: interface between brain and hormones

20
Q

What does the hypothalamus have a role in?

A

Hormonal control of motivated behaviour …including hunger, thirst, temperature, pain, pleasure and sex

21
Q

What are the subcortical portions?

A

Basal ganglia
Limbic system

22
Q

What is the basal ganglia involved in?

A

Motor function since involved in movement disorders

23
Q

What is the limbic system involved in?

A

Emotion, motivation and emotional association with memory

24
Q

What does the limbic system influence the formation of?

A

Memory by integrating emotional states with stored memories of physical sensations

25
Q

What structures are part of the limbic system?

A

Amygdala
Hippocampus
Fornix
Cingulate Gyrus
Septum
Mamillary Body

26
Q

What is the Amygdala involved in?

A

Involved in associating sensory stimuli with emotional impact

27
Q

What is the mamillary body important for?

A

Formation of recollective memory – amnesia

28
Q

What is the hippocampus involved in?

A

Involved in memory (long term)
Involved in spatial memory

29
Q

What is the Septum involved in?

A

Involved in defense and aggression

30
Q

What is the Cingulate gyrus involved in?

A

Linking behavioural outcomes to motivation and autonomic control – atrophied in schizophrenia

31
Q

What is the function of the fornix?

A

Carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and septal nucleus

32
Q

What does the cerebral cortex contain?

A

Contain the precentral gyrus from which motor instructions (particularly for fine motor control) that are sent to muscles controlling hands and feet

33
Q

What is the function of the primary motor cortex?

A

Contains many of the cells giving origin to the descending motor pathways - it is involved in the initiation of voluntary movements.

34
Q

What is the function of the premotor and supplementary motor areas?

A

Higher level motor plans and initiation of voluntary movements

35
Q

What is the function of the cerebral cortex?

A

Involved in:
Executive planning
Working memory
Control of behaviour

36
Q

What does the parietal lobe contain?

A

The postcentral gyrus

37
Q

What is the function of the postcentral gyrus?

A

Receives sensation from the rest of the body

38
Q

What is the function of the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Maintains representations of the body’s and of the head’s position in space.
Permits complicated spatio-temporal predictions – e.g. catching something when you are moving

39
Q

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

A

Parietal lobe

40
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

A

Temporal lobe

41
Q

What is the function of the inferotemporal cortex?

A

Recognition of faces and objects

Neuro (14 decks)

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