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Anatomy Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

glottis

A

vocal cords

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2
Q

epiglottis

A

keeps food from entering the lungs when we swallow

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3
Q

trachea

A

the windpipe

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4
Q

pharynx

A

connects nose and mouth to esophagus

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5
Q

esophagus

A

swallows bolus

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6
Q

sphincter

A

muscular valve

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7
Q

bolus

A

a round mass of chewed food

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8
Q

mucus

A

protects the stomach lining from be digested

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9
Q

bile

A

produced by the liver, aids in digestions and absorbtion of fats

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10
Q

liver

A

secrets bile

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11
Q

stomach

A

kills pathogens in food and protein digestion

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12
Q

mouth

A

ingestions and chewing

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13
Q

gall bladder

A

stores bile

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14
Q

pancreas

A

secrets digestive enzymes

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15
Q

malnutrition

A

diet is missing one or more essential nutrients

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16
Q

undernutrition

A

diet is deficient in calories

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17
Q

ingestion

A

the act of eating

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18
Q

digestion

A

breaking down food into molecules small enough for the body

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19
Q

absorbtion

A

cells absorb small molecules (amino acids, simple sugars) from the digestive compartment

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20
Q

elimination

A

undigested material passes out of the digestive compartment

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21
Q

alimentary canal

A

a tube extending between a mouth and anus; food moves along it in one direction

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22
Q

peristalsis

A

wavelike muscular contractions that move the bolus to the stomach

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23
Q

bicarbonate

A

offsets the acidity of chyme

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24
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

dissolves the extracellular matrix in plants and animals and kills bacteria

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25
ulcers
a sore caused by acid tolerant bacteria in the stomach
26
gastrin
a hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric juice
27
secretin
a hormone that neutralizes chyme
28
cholecystokinin
a hormone that breaks down fatty acids and amino acids
29
lacteals
vessels that converge into larger vessels of the lymphatic system
30
small intestine
absorbs nutrients through villi and digests nutrients from the stomach
31
appendix
defense of the body
32
colon
reabsorbs water
33
symbiotic bacteria
produce vitamins to be absorbed into the blood stream
34
endocrine gland
hormones are secreted onto a surface
35
exocrine gland
hormones are secreted through a duct
36
alpha cells
produce glucagon when blood glucose levels are low
37
beta cells
produce insulin when blood glucose levels are high
38
type 1 diabetes
Inability to produce sufficient quantities of insulin
39
type 2 diabetes
inability to process or respond to insulin because of insulin deficiency receptors or glucose transporters
40
follicle stimulating hormone
stimulates development of follicles and stimulates secretion of estrogen by follicle walls
41
luteinsing hormone
stimulates completion of meiosis
42
oestrogen
causes prenatal development of female reproductive organs
43
progesterone
prepares the uterus for the implantation of an embryo
44
androgens
male sex hormones
45
testoserone
causes prenatal development of male genetalia and both sperm production and development of male secondary sexual characteristics during puberty
46
in-vitro fertilization
fertilization occurring outside the body in carefully controlled lab conditions
47
zygote intrafallopian transfer
the egg is developed outside the uterus
48
gamete intrafallopian transfer
egg is put back into the mother's uterus after fertilization
49
ventilation
bringing fresh air to the alveoli and removing stale air
50
gas exchange
process of swapping one gas for another
51
cell respiration
oxygen is taken in from the surroundings and carbon dioxide is produced and released
52
tidal volume
volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal resting breath
53
vital capacity
max volume of air a respiratory system can handle
54
residual volume
amount of air that remains in the lungs after a person forcefully exhales
55
pathogen
organisms that can cause disease, etc. bacteria, virus, protista
56
anitbiotic
blocks specific pathways found in bacteria
57
why antibiotics are not effective against viruses
viruses rely on a host cell and the antibiotics would attack the host rather than the virus
58
lymphocyte
a white blood cell occurring the lymphatic system that makes antibodies
59
phagocytes
ingest pathogens by endocyctosis
60
anitgen
a molecule that causes antibody formation
61
anitbody
a globular protein that recognizes an antigen
62
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus: infects a lymphocyte that plays a vital role in antibody production
63
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: antibodies cannot be produced
64
arteries
carry blood from the heart to tissues of the body
65
capillaries
carry blood through tissues and allow for exchange of materials
66
veins
carry deoxygenated to the heart
67
sinoatrial node
sends out an electrical signal to initiate each contraction of the heart
68
myogenic contraction
can contract on its own without being stimulated by a nerve
69
lysosome
an enzyme in mucus that kills bacteria

Biology (12 decks)

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