Anatomy Flashcards
(30 cards)
tendons
link muscle to bone
ligaments
link bone to bone
antagonistic muscles
one muscle contracts while the other relaxes
cartilage
prevents friction by providing a tough, smooth barrier
synovial fluid
lubricates joint
joint capsule
seals joint and holds in synovial fluid
protein
amino acid; peptide bond
carbohydrate
monosaccharide; glycosidic linkage
lipids
glycerol and 3 fatty acids; esther bond
digestion
breaking down food into smaller nutrients
absorption
the uptake of smaller nutrients by an organism’s body
assimilation
conversion of small nutrients into biological tissue
exocrine glands
a gland that releases its contents into a duct or the surface of the body
leptin
protein hormone secreted by adipose cells that reduces appetite by signaling hypothalamus
glandular tissue
secreted by exocrine glands
exocytosis
out of cell by active transport into lymphatic vessel
osmoregulation
regulation of solute concentrations and water balance by a cell or organism
excretion
removal of waste products from the body due to metabolic activities
ammonia
aquatic species: highly toxic and uses a lot of water
urea
mammals, amphibians and sharks: produced in liver and combines ammonia with CO2
uric acid
insects, reptiles and birds: conserves water and is excreted as a white paste
renal artery delivers
toxins, urea, salt, water, oxygen
nephron
cleans blood of nitrogenous waste and regulates water
ultrafiltration
a big blood tube coming in and a little blood tube going out creates pressure that pushes fluid out of the glomerulus (nondiscriminatory)
