Anatomy Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
Muscles move toward the ——when contracted
A
Origin
2
Q
Muscles with 2 or more names, the first part indicates —- and the second part indicates —–
A
Origin
Insertion
3
Q
Sternocleidomastoid (XI)
A
tilts and rotates head and neck, flexing of the neck, stabilize neck
4
Q
Trapezius (XI)
A
lifts and rotates the shoulders, dorsal flexion of the head, twist head
5
Q
Orbicularis oris
A
closing or pursing lips
6
Q
Buccinator
A
flattens cheek, assists in chewing, assist the muscles of mastication
7
Q
A masseter can become enlarged in patients who habitually clench or grind.
T/F
A
True
8
Q
What is most likely affected by direct trauma to the TMJ?
A
Lateral pterygoid
9
Q
All muscles of mastication are innervated by the ?
A
Mandibular division of the fifth cranial or trigeminal nerve (V3) and blood supply of the maxillary artery
10
Q
Insertion of the mylohyoid is the?
A
Hyoid bone
11
Q
What are the 2 groups of the hyoid muscle?
A
supra hyoid and infrahyoid
12
Q
What bone does not articulate with any other bone?
A
hyoid
13
Q
What makes up the floor of the mouth?
A
Mylohyoid
14
Q
What stabilizes the hyoid bone? Helps with swallowing and speech?
A
Infrahyoid
15
Q
What is referred to as raphe?
A
pterygomandibular
16
Q
Where does the Wharton’s or submandibular ducts occur?
A
lingual frenum
17
Q
Is the lingual nerve (V3) and chorda tympani (sensory)
A
Anterior 2/3
18
Q
Posterior 1/2 is
A
IX glossopharyngeal
19
Q
What contains taste buds and associated with ducts of von Ebner glands?
A
Circumvallate
20
Q
Most numerous of the tongue but do not contain taste buds?
A
filiform
21
Q
What is a keratinized tissue that gives the tongue its velvety texture, it is associated with geographic tongue and hairy tongue?
A
filiform
22
Q
Separation of 1/3 posterior and 2/3 anterior portions of the tongue with the foramen cecum at the point. (shaped like a triangle)
A
sulcus terminalis
23
Q
What includes the condyle of the mandible, the coronoid process, and the mandibular notch?
A
the mandible
24
Q
also called the meniscus of the joint, which divides the tmj into 2 compartments called synovial cavities where synovial fluid is produced to lubricate the joint
A
articular disc
25
TMJ's two types of movements include
gliding and rotational
26
is the limited ability to open the mouth, due to the contraction of the muscles of mastication. "Lock jaw"
trismus
27
dislocation of both joints caused by opening the mouth to wide
subluxation
28
----- carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
Arteries
29
----- carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
Veins
30
the ---- artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs
pulmonary artery
31
What forms the maxillary vein and drains the PSA and IA veins?
pterygoid plexus
32
There is a potential for piercing the ---- ----- during the delivery of a PSA block via over insertion of the needle, which can result in a hematoma as well as infection
Pterygoid Plexus
33
What is associated with a duct?
exocrine
34
What is associated with being ductless, secretes directly into the blood
endocrine
35
endocrine gland that secretes parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium and phosphorus levels
parathyroid gland
36
what gland develops t cell lymphocytes
thymus
37
Which gland is the cause for the protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain which helps control growth, BP, certain functions of the sex organs, thyroid glands and metabolism, as well as some aspects of pregnancy, child birth, nursing, water, and salt concretions.
pituitary gland
38
What system controls the salivary gland?
autonomic nervous system
39
----- --- produces either a small flow, which is rich in protein or no flow at all
sympathetic stimulation
40
largest encapsulated major salivary gland, 25 % saliva produced, saliva is serous divided into 2 lobes
Parotid
41
Facial nerve passes through the
parotid, and does not innervate
42
Stenson's duct empties opposite maxillary molars or
parotid duct (9th cranial nerve)
43
2nd largest encapsulated major salivary gland. Produces 60-65% of total volume, mixed secretion of both serous and mucous type
submandibular
44
Wharton's duct empties into -----
caruncle or submandibular duct
45
What is the most common gland to be involved in salivary stone formation?
submandibular 7th nerve
46
Most diffuse and the only encapsulated major salivary gland. 10 percent of total volume mix of mucous and serous.
sublingual
47
What duct is associated with sublingual?
Bartholin's duct or sublingual duct near the midline of the floor of the mouth on each side of the lingual frenum
48
Saliva also exists along the sublingual fold directly from 8-20 excretory ducts known as the ----- ducts. Both empty at caruncle.
Rivinus ducts
49
The minor salivary glands are innervated by the ----- cranial nerve
7th
50
----- ----- are also considered minor salivary glands and are found in a trough circling the circumvallate papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue near the terminal sulcus, they secrete a purely serous fluid that begins lipid hydrolysis.
Von Ebner glands
51
sensory nerve that comes into periphery of the body to the brain or spinal cord.
afferent nerve
52
motor nerve that carries information away from the brain or spinal cord to the periphery of the body
efferent nerve
53
muscles of the tongue
hypoglossal XII
54
S-sensory
M-motor
B-Both
IN ORDER
Some Say marry money but my brother says bad business marry money
55
V1
V2
V3
ophthalmic sensory
maxillary sensory
mandibular sensory and motor
56
sensory to chin, lower lip, labial mucosa near mandibular anterior teeth, facial gingiva tissue of cuspids, incisors and premolars forward
mental
57
the ----- ---- is a sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve that occupies a cavity (meckels cave)
trigeminal ganglion
58
lymph nodes are divided into 2 regions which are
capsule and cortex
59
is the change of lymph nodes in size and consistency, healthy nodes are usually small, soft and mobile
lymphadenopathy
60
--- --- drain regions while ----- ---- drain ---- nodes
primary nodes
secondary nodes
primary nodes
61
collects lymph from the central lower lip, the floor of the mouth, mandibular incisors and the apex of tongue associated with infections on #24,#25
submental
62
--- --- collects lymph from maxillary 3rd molars
deep cervical
63
the largest pulmonary artery is the
main pulmonary artery or pulmonary trunk from the heart
64
the smallest arteries are the ------ which lead to the capillaries that surround the pulmonary alveoli
arterioles
65
the only frenum without muscle fibers is the
maxillary
66
tooth development begins in utero at
3-4 months
67
only tooth that has an oblique ridge
maxillary first molar
68
true/false
| a mandibular molar may have 4 or 5 cusps
true
69
Which teeth have a large well developed cingulum
maxillary canine
70
The cingulum of a mandibular canine is
smoother and rounded
71
are usually found as three small bumps on the incisal edges of anterior teeth
mammelons
72
the incisal edges is the first to wear away from attrition therefore mammelons may not be visible on teeth of older people t/f
true
73
most prominent CEJ
max central incisors
74
may have a palatogingival groove and considered a carious developmental pit or surface
max lateral incisor
75
longest root
max canine
76
two roots facial/lingual, may have one root, most common 60% have 2.
1st premolar
77
Which root is the longest on a 1st max molar
palatal
78
how many roots does a second maxillary molar have
3
79
root characteristic vary greatly, may be three rooted, roots may be fused, and may have accessory roots
the 3rd max molar
80
Where are enamel pearls most frequently seen?
on maxillary molars in the furcation areas
81
very narrow facial/lingual surfaces and broader proximal. Frequently have very shallow root concavities on proximal surfaces
mand central and laterals
82
may have a root apex that is bifurcated into a facial and lingual root
mand canine
83
which area is strongest on a mand first molar
the mesial (widest and strongest)
84
how many roots does a second mandibular 1st and second molar have
2
85
the mandibular third molar is frequently
shorter, fused, and dilacerated
86
it can either let a substance (molecule or ion) pass through freely, pass through to a limited extent or not pass through at all
semi permeable
87
the cells internal sub structure
cytoplasm
88
organelle that houses the cell chromosomes and is the place where almost all DNA replication and rna synthesis (transcription occur)
cell nucleus
89
is studded with ribosomes that are the sites of protein synthesis
rough ER
90
lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism the production of steroid hormones, and detoxification
smooth er
91
process and package
Golgi apparatus
92
organelles that contain digestive enzymes
lysosomes
93
organizes and maintains cells shape
cytoskeleton
94
is the division of a germ cell involving two fissions of the nucleus and giving rise to four gametes or sex cells each possessing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell
meiosis
95
used by single celled organisms to reproduce it is also used for the organic growth of tissues, fibers and membranes.
mitosis
96
--- is found in sexual reproduction of organisms
meiosis
97
first stage of cell division
```
PROPHASE
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
PMAT
```
98
hardest tissue in the body
enamel
99
striae of retzius are
incremental growth lines of mineralization
100
What mineralization is most like bone?
cementum
101
calcified tissue covering the root dentin
| part of the periodontium that attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone by anchoring the periodontal ligament,
cementum
102
What provides nutrients to cementum
PDL
103
forms the bulk of tooth tissue
| "collagen fibers"
dentin
104
what is harder than bone and cementum but not as hard as enamel
dentin
105
center of tooth made up of living connective tissue and cells
pulp
106
found on the dorsum of the tongue, hard palate, and attached gingiva
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
| "masticory mucosa'
107
buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, and alveolar mucosa
lining mucosa, non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
108
specifically in the regions of the taste buds and lingual papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue
specialized mucosa
109
the sulcular epithelium is
nonkeratinized
110
What includes rete pegs?
attached gingiva
111
the col is --- area of interdental gingiva which connects the facial and lingual aspects of the interdental gingiva/papilla
nonkeratinized
112
cuff like band of squamous epithelium that encircles the tooth and is attached to the tooth which attaches the sulcular epithelium
JE
113
What does the JE form?
base of the sulcus
114
PDL is connected to the cementum and bone by collagen fibers called
sharpeys fibers
115
sensory functions of pain and displacement sensitivity
PDL
116
lining of oral cavity, teeth ,and nerves are derived from
ectoderm as well as skin
117
most of the face and oral cavity are formed from the
frontal process and the pharyngeal or brachial arches
118
---- --- is the primordial structure for the mandible
meckels cartilage
119
palatal development forms between the
4th and 6th week of embryonic development
120
the primary palate is formed in this period by fusion/merging of the medial nasal and maxillary processes. subsequently, between the --- and --- embryonic/ fetal weeks. fusion is anterior to posterior
6th and 12th
121
What is the last portion of the palate to form
soft palate and uvula
122
first sign of tooth development occurs at
6th week
123
True/false
cells are derived from the ectoderm of the first pharyngeal arch and the ectomesenchyme of the neural crest. All tooth formation is from ectomesenchyme
true
124
the tooth germ is organized into three parts
the enamel organ, the dental papilla, and the dental sac or follicle
125
what will produce all the supporting structures of a tooth
dental sac
126
first sign of an arrangement of cells in the tooth bud
cap stage
127
during the bell stage, the ---- defines the shape of the crown
IEE
| intermedium and inner enamel epithelium
128
Hertwigs epithelial root sheath (HERS) is associated with
the bell stage
129
the formation of ---- must always occur before the formation of enamel
dentin
130
The degeneration of REE (reduced enamel epithelium) also mediates the
initial epithelial attachment to the tooth
131
WEhat type of cementum forms first
acellular
132
what initiates the formation of dentin in the root of a tooth by causing the differentiation of odontoblasts from the dental papilla.
Hertwigs epithelial root sheath HERS
133
true/false
The root sheath eventually disintegrates with the PDL but residual pieces that do not completely disappear are seen as epithelial cell (---------)
rest of malassez
can turn into cysts
134
which muscle shifts the mandible to the side of the face
lateral pterygoid
135
the maxillary teeth, buccal gingiva, and pulp of molars are innervated by which cranial nerve
V
136
true/false
The submandibular gland which lies superior to the digastric muscles, and divided into superficial and deep lobes, are separated by the mylohyoid muscle. It produces serous type secretion only from the stensons duct.
first true
| second false
137
All but which of the following contain taste buds
a. foliate
b. filiform
c. fungiform
d. circumvallate
e. foliate lingual
b. filiform
138
Major branches of the maxillary artery include all but which of the following?
a. infraorbital
b. inferior alveolar
c. superior thyroid
d. greater palatine
e. posterior superior alveolar
Superior thyroid
the superior thyroid is a branch of the external carotid, all other are branches of the max artery
139
True/false
the pituitary gland is an endocrine gland protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. This gland is responsible for thyroid glands and metabolism as well as water/salt concentration at the kidneys, temp regulation and pain relief.
Both true
140
Eventually in tooth development the condensation of ectomesenchyme cells will form the dental sac which will develop into which of the follow
a. PDL
b. pulp
c. dentin
d. enamel
PDL
141
```
Which of the following arteries carry deoxygenated blood
a. facial
b lingual
c maxillary
d. pulmonary
e. superior thyroid
```
pulmonary
142
T lymphocytes mature in which of the following
a. bone
b. thyroid gland
c. thymus gland
d. pituitary gland
e. parathyroid gland
thymus gland
143
rest of malassez, located in PDL and can develop into cysts and form form from which?
a. stellate reticulum
b. ectomesenchyme
c. outer enamel epithelium
d. reduced enamel epithelium
e. HERS
E
144
All of the following are muscles of mastication except for which
a. masseter
b. buccinator
c. temporalis
d. lateral p.
e. medial p.
buccinator
145
which muscle retracts tongue
styloglossus
146
all of the following are branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerves except
a. lingual
b. masseteric
c. deep temporal
d. inferior alveolar
e. superior longitudinal
e
147
the mandibular division V3 of the trigeminal nerve exits
foramen ovale
148
hypomobility due to a loss of elasticity of the masticory muscles of tmj ligaments is known as trismus. trismus results in dislocation of both joints.
first true
| second false
149
each of the following triangles is in the posterior triangle of neck except one
a. carotid
b. occipital
c. subclavian
d. none
a
150
the lymphatics draining the mandibular incisors usually empty directly into which of the following nodes
a. facial
b. parotid
c. submental
d. deep cervical
e. submandibular
submental
