nutrition Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
how many nutrients are there?
A
6
2
Q
carbs proteins and fats are
A
macronutrients
3
Q
vitamins, minerals, and water are
A
micronutrients
4
Q
also called saccharides are molecular compounds made from just three elements carbon hydrogen and oxygen
A
carbs
5
Q
provide fuel for the body and brain
4 kilocalories per gram
A
carb
6
Q
main fuel for the body and sole source of energy for the brain
A
glucose
7
Q
refers to glucose derived from starch such as corn
A
dextrose
8
Q
most abundant carb in nature
A
glucose
9
Q
sweetest of monosacharies
A
fructose
10
Q
all vegetables contain high levels of
A
fructose
asparagus artichoke broccoli leek cabbage onion tomato peanuts
11
Q
glucose and fructose make
A
sucrose
12
Q
sucrose is also known as
A
table sugar
13
Q
3.9 calories per gram
A
sucrose
14
Q
of all the sweeteners —- is most implicated in dental caries development
A
sucrose
15
Q
true/false
xylitol works most effectively on teeth that are erupting
A
true
16
Q
sweet n low
bitter after taste common
A
saccharin
17
Q
equal and NutraSweet
not to be used in baking or cooking
A
aspartame
18
Q
PKU consideration
A
cannot use aspartame
all aspartame containing products must contain a pku warning label
19
Q
a better version of aspartame that doesn’t require warning labels is
A
neotame
20
Q
Splenda
safe for diabetics
A
sucralose
21
Q
carbs with three to ten units of glucose are sometimes called
A
ogliosaccarides
22
Q
starch is a mixture of two polysaccharides
A
amylose
and amylopectin
23
Q
poorly soluble in water and slowly digestible
A
amylose
24
Q
nutritionally what is the most important carb
A
starch
25
glycogen is a
polysaccharide that is the storage form of glucose
26
where is glycogen stored
liver
27
recommended daily fiber is
25-38 grams
28
initial digestion begins in the oral cavity with the secretion of salivary amylase which converts polysaccharide into maltose
polysaccharide starch
29
children and adults should consume 45 to 65 percent of their calorie intake as carbs
atleast 130 grams of carbs per day
30
most common cause of diabetes associated death
increased cardiovascular risk
31
most common related diabetes emergency
hypogycemia
32
proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called
amino acids
33
essential
non essential
conditional
amino acids 3 groups
34
cannot be made up by the body must come from food
essential amino acid
35
can be synthesized in the body generally in the liver
nonessential
36
a complete ---- will provide the body with all nine of the essential amino acids
protein
37
complete proteins are found only in
animal products and soy
38
found in non animal foods and are generally considered healthy, nuts beans legumes rice grains
incomplete proteins
39
combining rice and beans are an example of
complementary proteins
40
protein digestion begins in the stomach with the action of an enzyme called
pepsin
41
to waste away
marasmus
42
severe protein deficiency
| occurs most often in children 18 months to 2 years of age
kwashiokor
43
bulging of the abdomen could be due to
kwashiokor
44
increase serum cholesterol levels
saturated fats
45
maintain serum cholesterol levels
monounsaturated
46
most abundant fatty acid in nature
oleic acid and it is mono
47
---- are simply fat molecules that have more than one unsaturated carbon bond in the molecule. Liquid in consistency. helps develop and maintain cells and contribute vitamin e to the diet
polyunsaturated fatty acids
48
lowering cardiovascular risk by lowering cholesterol leels
omega 3
49
one gram of fat has
9 calories
| 9 kilocalories per gram
50
how many vitamins are there
13
51
fat soluble vitamins are easier for the body to store than water soluble, storage is usually in the liver and adipose tissue
true
52
vitamins are not readily excreted so they can build up toxic levels
true
53
inadequate vitamin - consumption can alter keratinization of oral tissues
a
54
Which vitamin e is the only form that is recognized to meet human requirements
alpha tocophereol
55
the most common source of vitamin k in the us diet is
spinach
56
unlike fat soluble vitamins water soluble vitamins can be destroyed by heat or by being exposed to the air they can also be lost in water used for cooking
true
57
B1
thiamine
58
b1 deficiency
beriberi
59
b2
riboflavin
60
b3
niacin
61
what defiiency is found in alcholics
niacin
62
remembered as the 4'Ds dementia diarrhea dermatitis and death
pellegra
63
b9
folate folic acid
64
plays an important role in preventing birth defects during early pregnancy spina bilfida
b9 folic acid
65
b12
cobalamin
66
which vitamin is needed for folate metabolism
b12
67
what vitamin is found only in animal products but vegans can obtain b12 from sea vegetables and fortified soy milk
b12
68
friable tissue and gingival bleeding are associated with
vitamin c definicieny
69
glossitis suggests what deficiency
b12
70
glossitis and cheilosis suggest what deficiency
b6
71
gingivitis stomatititis and glossitis may indicate --- deficiency
b3
72
most abundant mineral in the body, 98 percent in bone tissue, 1 percent in the teeth
calcium
73
forms and maintains bone and tooth structure, coagulates blood
calcium
74
what is needed to absorb calcium
vitamin d
75
osteoporosis is a deficency of what two vitamins
calcium and vitamin d
76
what does not cause hypertension but does aggravate it
sodium
77
saccarides are molecular compounds made up of
carbon hydrogen and oxygen
78
all of the following are monosaccharies except one
a. glucose
b. ,maltose
c. frucotse
d. galactose
maltose
79
a patient presents for tx with angular cheilosis, which of the following is a potential cause for the condition
a. zinc deficiency
b. vitamin c deficiency
c. pyridoxine deficiency
d. elevated serum vitamin d levels
c
80
when performing an intra oral exam on your patient you notice that their tongue is swollen painful and could be described as beefy. what nutrient definiciecy might be involved
a. zinc
b. niacin
c. calcium
d. vitamin a
niacin
81
pale oral mucosa may result from deficiency of what nutrient
a. ricin
b. sodium
c. leucine
d. vitamin b 12
vitamin b12
82
cows milk is an excellent source of what vitamin
b12
83
salivary amalyse is involved in the initial digestion of
a. fats
b. protein
c. dietary fiber
d. polysaccarides
d
84
kwashiorkor is characterized by all of the following except
a. enlarged liver
b. stomach shrinkage
c. sufficient calorie intake
d. insufficient protein consumption
b
85
collagen formation degradation and quality depends on what co factor
vitamin c
86
as a polysaccaride dextrans are metabolized from
a. sucrose
b. maltose
c. fructose
d. glycogen
sucrose
87
wernicke korsakoff syndrome is associated with what type of deficieny
a. thiamine
b. folic acid
c. riboflavin
d. ascorbic acid
thiamine
88
the most common disease in which glycogen metabolism becomes abnormal is
diabtetes
89
which nutrient is required for folate metabolism
a. niacin
b. riboflavin
c. cobalamin
d. ascorbic acid
c
90
```
omega 6 fatty acid is
a. linolenic acid.
b a non essential fatty acid
c. used to make eicosanoids
d. found in oily fish
```
c
91
tocopherol is associated with all of the following except one
a. water solubility
b. antioxative reactions
c. immune function enhancement
d. inhibition of platelet aggregation
water solubility
92
beri beri is associated with
a. ricketts
b. nystagmus
c. b6 deficinecy
d. developed countries
nystagmus
