Anatomy

Question 1

What is a neuron?

Answer 1

Function is to receive, process and transfer information
Axons, dendrites, soma/body
Unidirectional

Question 2

What are the 3 types of neurons?

Answer 2

Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons

Question 3

What is glia?

Answer 3

Non-neural cells in the NS

Provides support, protection and metabolic support

Question 4

What are the different types of glia?

Answer 4

Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
Astrocytes
Microglia

Question 5

What is Schwann cells function and where are they found?

Answer 5

PNS
Surrounds axons
Creates myelin sheaths
Participated in repair process after injury

Question 6

What is the function of oligodendrocytes and where are they found?

Answer 6

CNS
Provides structural framework
Creates myelin sheaths

Question 7

What is the function of astrocytes and where are they found?

Answer 7

CNS
Maintain blood-brain barrier
Structural support
Nutritional and metabolic support
Forms scar tissue after injury

Question 8

What is the function of microglia and where is it found?

Answer 8

CNS

Cleaning up by phagocytosis

Question 9

What is an afferent Nerve?

Answer 9

Sensory
Sends sensory information from outside to CNS
Unipolar

Question 10

What does s an efferent Nerve?

Answer 10

Sends motor impulses from CNS to effector organs (muscles+glands)
Multipolar

Question 11

Where does CNS derive from?

Answer 11

Ectoderm

From the neural tube

Question 12

Where do the PNS derive from?

Answer 12

Ectoderm

From the neural crest

Question 13

What are the primary brain vesicles?

Answer 13

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

Question 14

What are the secondary brain vesicles?

Answer 14

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Metencephalon (pons+cerebellum)
Myelencephalon (medulla)

Question 15

What does telencephalon give rise to?

Answer 15

Cerebrum

Lateral ventricles

Question 16

What does diencephalon give rise to?

Answer 16

Diencephalon
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, retina
Third ventricle

Question 17

What does mesencephalon give rise to?

Answer 17

Brainstem-midbrain

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 18

What does methencephalon give rise to?

Answer 18

Brain stem-pons
Cerebellum
Fourth ventricle

Question 19

What does myencephalon give rise to?

Answer 19

Brain stem-medulla oblongata

Fourth ventricle

Question 20

What does the neural crest give rise to?

Answer 20

Sensitive ganglia
Sympathetic ganglia
Parasympathetic ganglia
Schwann cells

Question 21

What are the three meninges?

Answer 21

Dura mater (outer)
Arachnoid (middle)
Pai mater (inner)

Question 22

What are the components of CNS?

Answer 22

Spinal cord

Brain

Question 23

What are the components of PNS?

Answer 23

Sensitive ganglia
Sympathetic/parasympathetic ganglia
Nerves

Question 24

Hydrocephalus

Answer 24

Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in brain

Question 25

Brain hypoplasia/aplasia

Answer 25

Poor on non-developed brain

Question 26

Cranioschisis

Answer 26

Scull fails to completely fuse, exposing brain

Question 27

Meningoenchepalocoele

Answer 27

Development of sac of fluid containing brain+meninges, in the brain

Question 28

Cerebellar hypoplasia

Answer 28

Under development of cerebellum

Question 29

Spina bifida

Answer 29

Incomplete folding of neural tube, spine/meninges doesn’t close exposing spinal cord

Question 30

Mieloschisis/rachisis

Answer 30

Entire backbone fails to close, leaving spinal cord completely open

Question 31

Syringomyelia

Answer 31

Formation of cyst inside spinal cord, compressing nerves

Question 32

Tracts

Answer 32

Groups of axons | White matter

Question 33

Nuclei

Answer 33

Group of cell bodies | Grey matte

Question 34

Medullary cone

Answer 34

Most caudal part of spinal cord before terminal filament

Question 35

Terminal filament

Answer 35

Very thin/narrow area at the sacral area

Question 36

Cauda equina

Answer 36

Bundle of nerves coming out of medullary cone at lumbo-sacral region Cauda equina syndrome= compression ouch bundle of nerves coming out of medullary cone

Question 37

Length of spinal cord

Answer 37

Longest in cats | Shortest in dogs

Question 38

Dorsal root

Answer 38

Afferent nerves

Question 39

Ventral root

Answer 39

Afferent nerves

Question 40

Grey matter

Answer 40

Group of cell bodies, no myelin Inner part of spinal cord Horns

Question 41

White matter

Answer 41

Groups of axons in periphery of spinal cord, myelinated | Columns