Micro Finals-fungi Flashcards
(42 cards)
1
Q
Fungi-Key points
A
- eukaryotic
- non photosynthetic
- cell walls with chitin
- mounds or yeasts
- sexual or asexual (spores) reproduction
- ergosterol in membrane
2
Q
Zygomycota
A
- sexual reproduction with zygospores
- asexual reproduction with spores (conidiophores or sporangiospores)
- aseptate hyphae
3
Q
Basidiomyceta
A
- sexual reproduction with basidiospores
- rare asexual reproduction
- septate hyphae
4
Q
Ascomyceta
A
- sexual reproduction with ascospores
- asexual reproduction with conidia
- septate hyphae
5
Q
Deuteromycota/fungi imperfecti
A
- only asexual reproduction known
- sporangiospores
6
Q
Arthroconidia
A
Spores by release of hyphae fragmentation
7
Q
Blastoconidia
A
Conidia by budding from mother cell
Hyphae or pseudohyphae
8
Q
Chlamydoconidia
A
Thick walled spores with storage products
9
Q
Macroconidia
A
Large multicelled
Dermatophytes in culture
10
Q
Microconidia
A
Small conidia
Some dermatophytes
11
Q
Phialoconidia
A
Conidia from Philalides
Flower like
12
Q
Sporangiospores
A
Microphone like
13
Q
Stages of germination/development of hyphae
A
- Germination of spores
- Swelling, increased metabolic activity
- Tubular projections, branched hyphae
- Maturation
- Lateral branches
- septa formation
- Myecelium
14
Q
Zygomycota reproduction
A
- Zygospore production by hyphae fusion
- Zygospore divides into zygote
- Zygote produce sporangium
- Sporangium release + and - spores
- Spores germinate separately
- Production and of new hyphae
15
Q
Yeast reproduction
A
- Ascospore budding into zygote
- Sexual or asexual reproduction by budding or conjugation
- a or alpha ascospores
- haploid and diploid spores
16
Q
Dermatophytes
A
-affinity for keratinized structures
-macroconidia in cultures
-arthroconidia infective form
-hyphae in tissues
-ringworm lesions
Microsporum, trichopython
17
Q
Microsporum canis
A
- White fluffy colonies with yellow/orange/brown edges
- spindle shaped macroconidia with <15 septa, thick walls
18
Q
Trichopython verrucosum
A
- white, heaped velvety colonies with pale/white edges
- chlamydospores in chains
19
Q
Aspergillus
A
Molds
- pigmented colonies
- respiratory pathogens, aflatoxins
20
Q
Aspergillus fumigatus
A
- blue colonies
- phialoconidia in cultures
- respiratory pathogen
- guttural pouch mycosis
21
Q
Aspergillus flavus
A
Mold
- green colonies
- phialoconidia in culture
- aflatoxins
22
Q
Yeasts
A
-unicellular budding cells
-asexual reproduction with blastoconidia
-ascomycota or basidiomycota
-chlamydospores in in cornmeal
-germ tubes in serum
Cryptococcus, Malassezia, Candida
23
Q
Cryptococcus
A
Cryptococcus neoformans -mucopolysaccharide capsule -budding on narrow neck -bird droppings -inhalation of spores -phenoloxidase->melanin, protection from free radicals -respiratory, cutaneous, neural disease -localized granulomas -selective birdseed agar-> red colonies (phenoloxidase) Biohazard cabinet
24
Q
Malassezia
A
Malassezia pachydermatis
- shoe shaped cells
- otitis external
- seborrheic dermatitis
25
Dimorphism fungi
-mounds in environment and culture
-yeast in animal tissues
-opportunistic infections
-inhalation of spores
Blastomyces, Coccoides, Histoplasma, Sporothrix
26
Blastomyces
Blastomyces dermatitis
- SDA-> white cottony colonies, oval/pear shaped conidia
- BHI/tissues-> thick walled cells, budding on broad base
- canine blastomycosis
27
Coccoides
Coccoides immitis
- SDA-> white cottony colonies, arthroconidia
- BHI/tissues-> spherules with endospores
- inhalation of spores
- respiratory disease
- coccidiomycosis
28
Histoplasma
```
Histoplasma capsulatum
-SDA-> white cottony colonies, sunflower like conidia
-BHI/tissues-> small oval cells (in macrophages)
-inhalation of spores
-respiratory disease, diarrhea
-histoplasmosis
Histoplasma farcinosum
-enzootic lynphangitus
-resemble B.mallei cutaneous form
```
29
Sporothrix
Sporothrix schenkii
- SDA-> dry brown leathery colonies, pear shaped conidia, rosette
- BHI/tissues-> cigar shaped cells
- inoculation under skin
- granulomas and ulcers, lymphocutaneous disease
- sporothricosis
30
Zygomycetes
Mounds
-sporangiospores “microphones”
-zygomycosis
Mucorales, Mortierellales, Entemophthorales
31
Mucorales and Mortierellales
“Bread molds”
- microphone like sporangiospores
- ingestion or inhalation of spores
- abortion, pneumonia, intestinal ulcers, enteritis
32
Entemopthorales
Molds
- spores enter through skin or nasal mucus membranes (respiratory)
- granulomas w. Eosinophilic deposits
- entomopthomycosis
33
Aflatoxicosis
- Aspergillus flavus
- Aflatoxin B1
- hepatocellular necrosis, decreased liver function
- maize, grain, rice, nuts
34
Fumosin toxicosis/ mycotoxic leucoencephalomalacia
- Fusarium verticilloides
- fumosin B1
- neurological signs, porcine pulmonary edema
- moldy corn, grains
35
Ergotism
- Claviceps purpurea
- ergotamine
- convulsions, swelling and lesions of limbs, lameness, gangrene
- ryegrass seeds, rye, barley
36
Facial eczema
- Pithomyces chartarum
- sporidesmin
- reduced phylloerythrin in liver
- photodynamic lesions
- in pasture
37
Ochratoxicosis
- Penicillum verdicatum
- ochratoxin A
- renal disease, nephropathy
- cereal grains
38
Mycotoxic oestrogemism
- Fusarium graminearum
- zearalenone
- vulvar edema, abortion’s
- excreted in milk-> public health risk
- corn, grain, silage
39
Tremorgenic mycotoxicosis
- Pencillium species
- penitrem A
- inhibits potassium channels of smooth muscle (CSN)
- muscle tremors, rigidity, seizures, recumbents, fainting, unsteady walk
40
Mold genuses
- Aspergillus
- microsporum
- mucorales
- Mortierellales
- entemophthorales
41
Yeast genuses
- candida
- Malassezia
- cryptococcus
42
Dimorphic fungi genuses
- Sporothrix
- Coccoides
- Histoplasma
- blastomyces
