Para Finals-protozoa

Question 1

Cytoskeleton

Answer 1

• subpellicular tubules
• axostyle
• costa
• polar rings

Question 2

Movement structures

Answer 2

• pseudopods
• flagella
• undulating membrane
• cilia
• subpellicular microtubules

Question 3

Nutritionally related structures

Answer 3

• pseudopods
• cytostome
• microcytostome/microspores

Question 4

Respiration

Answer 4

• aerobic= in mitochondria, hepatic or tissular parasites

- anaerobic= hydrogenosomes, digestive tract, genitalia, abscesses

Question 5

Excretion and osmoregulation

Answer 5

• simple diffusion
• fecal vacuoles
• contractile vacuoles

Question 6

Reproduction

Answer 6

• asexual= binary fission, multiple fission, budding
• sexual= conjugation, syngamy
• alternant/metagenesis= alternating sexual/asexual stages

Question 7

Binary fission

Answer 7

• symmetrogenic= longitudinal cleavage

- homotetogenic= transversal cleavage

Question 8

Multiple fission

Answer 8

• schizogony/merogony

- sporogony

Question 9

Budding

Answer 9

• internal

- external

Question 10

Syngamy

Answer 10

Gamete fusion

• isogamy= equal size
• anisogamy= macro+microgamete

Question 11

Conjugation

Answer 11

No individual fusion

Question 12

Trophozoites

Answer 12

The invasive phase

Question 13

Cysts

Answer 13

Resistant phase in environment

Question 14

Genus Entamoeba general

Answer 14

• zoonotic
• transversal binary fission
• cyst formation
• pseudopods
• trophozoites and cysts
• differentiation by counting nuclei

Question 15

Entamoeba species

Answer 15

E.histolytica- 4 nuclei, L.I of primate/human/dogs, bloody diarrhea
E.coli- 8 nuclei, canids/human
E.bovis- 1 nuclei, bovids
E.suis- 1 nuclei, swine
E.gallinarum- 8 nuclei, galliformes birds

Question 16

Order Diplomonadida

Answer 16

Intestinal flagellates
-cytostome
-longitudinal binary fission
genus Giardia

Question 17

Giardia

Answer 17

• zoonotic
• cysts w 4 nuclei
• trophozoites w 8 flagella, piriformis, sucking disc
• S.I of many hosts
• travelers diarrhea

Question 18

Order Trichomonadida

Answer 18

Tissue flagellates
-cytostome
-longitudinal binary fission
Genus Trichomonas and Tritrichomonas

Question 19

Trichomonas

Answer 19

-flagella and undulating membrane
-4 anterior flagella, one posterior
-no cysts
-not resistant to environment
T.gallinae- upper digestive tract of birds
T.blagburni- diarrhea in cats

Question 20

Tritrichomonas

Answer 20

-movement by flagella and undulating membrane
-4anterior flagella, one posterior
-no cyst formation
-not resistant in environment
T.foetus- abortion in cattle

Question 21

Order Kinetoplastida

Answer 21

Hematic flagellates
-cytostome
-longitudinal binary fission
-flagella and undulating membrane
Genus Trypanosoma, Leishmania

Question 22

Trypanosoma

Answer 22

• zoonotic
• transmitted by triatomine bugs
• flagella and undulating membrane
• kinetoplast and kinetostome
• epimastigote in invertebrate host
• tripomastigote in vertebrate host
• changes disease, sleeping sickness

Question 23

Leishmania

Answer 23

• zoonotic
• flagella and undulating membrane
• kinetoplast and kinetostome
• transmitted by Phlebotomus
• promastigote in invertebrate host
• amastigote in vertebrate host

Question 24

Order Trichostomatida

Answer 24

Ciliates

• cytostome
• cilia
• transversal binary fission and conjugation
• cyst formation

Question 25

Balantidium

Answer 25

- zoonotic - cyst formation - kidney shaped nucleus in cyst - trophozoite w external layer of cilia - L.I of primates/humans/suits/rodents - watery diarrhea

Question 26

Suborder Eimeriorina

Answer 26

Coccidians Intestinal apicomplexa -subpellicular microtubules -microcytostome -binary fission, multi0le fission, sexual reproduction Genus Eimeria, Isospora, Cryptosporidium, Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma, Neospora

Question 27

Eimeria

Answer 27

- oocyte formula 4*2 | - external sporulation

Question 28

Isospora

Answer 28

- oocyst formula 2*4 - external sporulation - diarrhea

Question 29

Cryptosporidium

Answer 29

- zoonotic - oocyst formula 0*4 - internal sporulation=schizogony, game Togo you, sporogony - hidden spores - sporulated oocyst in feces (4 free sporozoites) - S.I of young vertebrates - diarrhea

Question 30

Sarcocystis

Answer 30

- oocyst formula 2*4 - cysts in musculature of I.H=schizogony, micro/macrocysts - internal sporulation - gametogony and sporogony in D.H - S.I of carnivores - diarrhea

Question 31

Toxoplasma

Answer 31

- zoonotic - oocyst formula 2*4 - external sporulation - S.I of felids - all warm blooded animals are I.H - reproduction in intestine, released with feces - abortion in ruminants (1st time infected) - malformations

Question 32

Neospora

Answer 32

- oocyst formula 2*4 - S.I of dogs - cattle only I.H (abortions)

Question 33

Suborder Piroplasmorina

Answer 33

``` Hematic apicomplexa -subpellicular microtubules -microcytostome -binary fission, multiple fission, sexual reproduction -pear shaped zoites -no cysts -transmission by hard ticks -sexual reproduction inside ticks Genus Babesia, Theleria ```

Question 34

Babesia

Answer 34

- intraerythrocytic - 2-8 teardrop shaped merozoites - indirect L.C - sexual phase in iodide ticks (transovarial and trans stadial transm.) - asexual phase in vertebrates - canids and ruminants - anemia, jaundice

Question 35

Theleria

Answer 35

- first in lymphocytes, then erythrocytes - obligated indirect L.C - gametogony and sporogony in ixodid ticks - schizogony/merogony in vertebrate lymphocytes - in dogs, horses, ruminants

Question 36

Suborder Haemosporina

Answer 36

Hematic apicomplexa -subpellicular microtubules -microcytostome -binary fission, multiple fission, sexual reproduction Genus Plasmidium, Haematoproteus, Leucocytozoon

Question 37

Plasmodium

Answer 37

- anopheles vectors - obligated indirect L.C - gametogony+sporogony in vectors - schizogony/merogony in vertebrate hosts liver+erythrocytes - intraerythrocytic trophozoites in vertebrate host - malaria

Question 38

Haemoproteus

Answer 38

- mosquitoes and Hippobosca are vectors - obligated indirect L.C - gametogony+sporogony in hippobosca - schizogony/merogony in birds - intraerythrocytic gametes

Question 39

Leucocytozoon

Answer 39

- Diptera are vectors - obligated indirect L.C - gametogony+sporogony in vectors - schizogony/merogony in birds - intraerythrocytic gametes

Question 40

Amoebas

Answer 40

Entamoeba

Question 41

Ciliated

Answer 41

Balantidium

Question 42

Flagellates

Answer 42

Giardia Trichomonas Trypanosoma Leishmania

Question 43

Intestinal Apicomplexa

Answer 43

``` Eimeria Isospora Cryptosporidium Sarcocystis Toxoplasma Neospora ```

Question 44

Hematic Apicomplexa

Answer 44

``` Babesia Theileria Plasmodium Haemoproteus Leucocytozoon ```