Para Final-ascarids&strongyles

Question 1

Family Ascarididae

Answer 1

-small intestine
-mouth with 3 lips
-males with 2spicules
-oviparous
-oval/rounded eggs with thick shell
-L2 infective
-visceral larva migrans
Genus Toxascaris, Toxocara, Ascaris, Parascaris

Question 2

Toxascaris

Answer 2

T.leonina

• canids+felids
• direct L.C
• no migration
• rats+reptiles parade if hosts

Question 3

Toxocara

Answer 3

T.canis
-canids S.I
-direct L.C
-4 routes of infection
-lagomorphs are paratenic host
T.cati
-felids S.I
-direct L.C
-no prenatal infection
-lactogenic infection important
T.vitolorum
-cattle S.I 
-no cervical alae
-terminal spicule
-direct L.C
-transplacental+transmammary transmission

Question 4

Ascaris

Answer 4

A.suum

• swine S.I
• turtle shell like eggs
• direct L.C
• L3 moults in liver
• no transmammary or prenatal transmission
• earthworms+beetles are paratenic hosts

Question 5

Parascaris

Answer 5

P.equorum

• horse S.I
• 3 large+3 small lips
• male tail with 3 lateral alae
• direct L.C

Question 6

Family Anisakidae

Answer 6

Anisakis

• zoonotic
• stomach of marine animals
• indirect L.C
• L2 in copepod crustaceans (I.H)
• marine fishes with encapsulated L3 are paratenic hosts
• L3 infectious

Question 7

Heterakis

Answer 7

H.gallinarum

• small
• in caecum
• direct L.C
• L2 infective
• earthworms are paratenic hosts
• oval eggs

Question 8

Ascaridia

Answer 8

A.galli and A.columbae
-large
-S.I
-male tail with alae and precloacal sucker
-oval eggs with thick shell
-direct L.C-earthworms with L3 are paratenic hosts
-

Question 9

Order Strongylida

Answer 9

• strongyliform oesophagus
• males with copulatory bursa and 2 spicules
• radiated crown common

Question 10

Superfamily Trichostrongyloidea

Family Trichostrongylidea

Answer 10

-No buccal capsule
-strongyle type eggs (not nematodirus)
-direct L.C
-L3 is infective
Phostotropic positive and geotropic negative larvae
-L4 hypobiosis
-small hairlike adults
Large nematodes of abomasum
Small nematodes of abomasum
Small nematodes of S.I

Question 11

Haemonchus

Answer 11

Big nematodes of abomasum 
-“barbers pole” worm
-haematophagous
-female with vulvar flap
-male with asymmetrical spicules
H.concortus-cattle
H.placei-cattle

Question 12

Small nematodes of abomasum

Answer 12

Ostertagia
Marshallagia
Trichostrongylus

Question 13

Ostertagia

Answer 13

Small nematodes of abomasum 
-brown
-females with vulvar flap
-males with symmetrical spicules
O.oestertagi-cattle abomasum 
T.circumtinta-small ruminants

Question 14

Marshallagia

Answer 14

Small nematodes of abomasum
-large copulatory bursa with large dorsal ray
M.marshalli-ruminants

Question 15

Trichostrongylus

Answer 15

Small nematodes of abomasum 
-very small and thin
-reddish/brown
-short/thick/twisted spicules of unequal length
T.axei-ruminants
T.columbriformis-ruminants S.I
T.vitrinus-ruminants S.I
T.capricola-ruminants S.I
T.tenuis-birds S.I and caecum

Question 16

Small nematodes of S.I

Answer 16

Cooperia
Nematodirus
Hyostrongylus

Question 17

Cooperia

Answer 17

-cephalic vesicles
-reddish/brown
-short spicules
C.curticei-small ruminants S.I
C.punctata-cattle S.I
C.pectinate-cattleS.I
C.oncophora-cattle+sheep S.I

Question 18

Nematodirus

Answer 18

-cephalic vesicles
-2 long fused spicules, longer than copulatory bursa
-eggs with less than 16 blastomeres
N.spathiger-sheep S.I
N.battis-sheep S.I
N.filicollis-sheep S.I
N.helvetianus-cattle S.I

Question 19

Hyostrongylus

Answer 19

Swine stomach

• thin reddish
• hematophagus
• copulatory bursa
• direct L.C
• L3 infective
• L4 hypobiotic in stomach mucosa

Question 20

Superfamily Strgyloidea

Answer 20

• zoonotic
• buccal capsule
• strongyle type eggs
• direct L.C
• L3 infectious

Question 21

Stephanurus

Answer 21

Visceral larva migrans
-ureter/kidney/liver of pigs
-big buccal capsule with radiated crown
-L3 infective
-paratenic hosts
-encapsulation in organs/blood vessels=obstruction
S.dentata

Question 22

Syngamus

Answer 22

-G.I system of birds
-hematophagus
-buccal capsule with teeth
-eggs with mucoid plugs
-permanent copula
-L3 infective
-direct L.C
-earthworms paratenic hosts
-mating in trachea
S.trachea

Question 23

Family Ancylostomadie

Answer 23

Hook worms
-duodenum 
-zoonotic
-cutaneous larva migrans 
Genus Ancylostoma, Ucinaria, Bunostomum

Question 24

Ancylostoma

Answer 24

Visceral larva migrans
-zoonotic 
-duodenum
-hematophagus 
-deep buccal capsule
-direct L.C
-L3 infective 
-4 ways of infection (cutaneous,oral,prenatal,lactogenic)
A.caninum-carnivores
A.tubaeforme-cats
A.brasiliense-carnivores, tropical region
A.duodenale-man, wild animals, swine

Question 25

Uncinaria

Answer 25

Visceral larva migrans - zoonotic - cutting plates - oral route - carnivores jejunum/ilium

Question 26

Bunostomum

Answer 26

Visceral larva migrans -zoonotic -percutaneous infection through hair follicles -ruminants S.I B.trigonocephalum-small ruminants jejunum/ilium B.phlebotomus-cattle duodenum

Question 27

Family Strongylidae

Answer 27

Large strongyle of horses | Genus Strongylus, Tridontoporus

Question 28

Strongylus

Answer 28

``` Large strongyles of horses -caecum and colon -intraorganic migration -hematophagous -direct L.C -L3 infective S.equinus-liver/pancreas S.edentatus-right flank/hepatic ligament, no teeth S.vulgaris-cranial mesenteric artery, 4 months of migration ```

Question 29

Tridontoporus

Answer 29

Large strongyle of horses - caecum and colon - direct L.C - L3 infective - no migration - ulcers in right dorsal colon

Question 30

Family Trichonematidae

Answer 30

Small strongyles/cyathomines of horses - caecum/colon - short buccal capsule, internal+external leaf crowns - direct L.C - L3 infective - L3 can be hypobiotic in mucosa

Question 31

Family Trichonematidae

Answer 31

L.I of swine and ruminants Chabertia Oesophagostomum

Question 32

Chabertia

Answer 32

- ruminants L.I - big buccal capsule with radiated crown - Direct L.C - L3 infective

Question 33

Oesophagostomum

Answer 33

- colon of ruminants and swine - small buccal capsule with radiated crown - cervical alae and papillae - copulatory bursa - direct L.C - L3 infective - L3 hypobiotic in colon mucosa when subsequent

Question 34

Family Trichostrongylidae

Answer 34

Bronchopulmonary strongyle Lungworms of ruminants Dictyocaulus

Question 35

Dictyocaulus

Answer 35

``` Large lungworm of ruminants -direct L.C -L3 infective -fungus Piobolus help spread by spores D.viviparus- cattle D.filaria-small ruminants ```

Question 36

Family Protostrongylidae

Answer 36

Bronchi/bronchioles/alveoli of small ruminants -larvated eggs -L1 in feces, posterior end of taxonomic value -indirect L.C -slugs are I.H -L3 infective -breeding nodules in lungs Genus Protostrongylus, Neostrongylus, Muellerius, Cystocaulus -

Question 37

Family Metastrongylidae

Answer 37

In bronchi of swine | Metastrongylus

Question 38

Metastrongylus

Answer 38

``` Bronchi of swine -small buccal capsule -larvated eggs -indirect L.C -earthworms are I.H -L3 infective M.apri ```

Question 39

Family Filariodidae

Answer 39

``` Lungworms of dogs and cats Filaroides -direct L.C -L1 infective -transplacental+oral infection route -feed regurgitation important F.osteri-nodules in trache/bronchi of dogs F.hirthi-pulmonary parenchyma of dogs F.rostratus-trachea/bronchi of cats ```

Question 40

Family Crenosomatidae

Answer 40

``` Lungworms of Fox/canids Crenosoma -bronchi/trachea -indirect L.C -snails and slugs are I.H -L3 infective C.vulpis ```

Question 41

Family Angiostrongylidae

Answer 41

In lungs and blood of cats and dogs -indirect L.C -slugs and snails are I.H Angiostrongylus vasorum-pulmonary artery of dogs/foxes Aelurostrongylus abstrussus-lungs of cats

Question 42

Ascarids-genuses

Answer 42

``` Toxascaris Toxocara Ascaris Parascaris Anisakis Ascaridia ```

Question 43

Big nematodes of abomasum

Answer 43

Haemonchus

Question 44

Small nematodes of abomasum

Answer 44

Ostertagia Teladorsagia Marshallagia Trichostrongylus

Question 45

Strongyles of small intestine

Answer 45

Cooperia | Nematodirus

Question 46

Strongyles of large intestine

Answer 46

Chabertia | Oesophagostomum

Question 47

G.I system of swine & birds

Answer 47

Hyostrongylus Stephanurus Syngamus

Question 48

Large strongyles of horses

Answer 48

Strongylus | Triodontophorus

Question 49

Hook worms

Answer 49

Ancylostoma Uncinaria Bunostomum

Question 50

Bronchopulmonary nematodes

Answer 50

``` Dictyocaulus Protostrongylus Muellerius Cystocaulus Metastrongylus Filaroides Crenosoma Angylostrongylus Aelurostrongylus ```