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intro to biomedical sciences IBMS > anatomy and function of the digestive tract > Flashcards

anatomy and function of the digestive tract Flashcards

Outline the components of the digestive system from proximal to distal and describe their main functions Understand what is meant by the term ‘peritoneum’ Describe the regions of the abdominal cavity (76 cards)

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1
Q

what is the function of the digestive tract

A

transport of foodstuffs
breakdown of foodstuffs
absorption of sugars proteins fats and vitamins, minerals and water
excretion of waters

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2
Q

what is absoped in the digestive tract

A 
sugars 
proteins 
vitamins 
minerals 
water 
fats
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3
Q

what is the digestive tract also known as

A

the GI tract

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4
Q

what does GI tract stand for

A

Gastro intestinal tract

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5
Q

what shape is the GI tract

A

a long muscular tube

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6
Q

what substances are emptied into the tract to aid digestion

A

enzymes
acid
bile

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7
Q

what are the major subdivisions of the digestive tract

A
  1. oral cavity, teeth, tongue
  2. pharynx
  3. oesophagus
  4. stomach
  5. small intestine SI
  6. large intestine LI
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8
Q

what do the oral cavity teeth and tongue do

A

mechanical processing
moistening
mixing with saliva

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9
Q

what does the pharynx do

A

muscular propulsion of materials into the oesophagus

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10
Q

what does the oesophagus do

A

transport materials to the stomach

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11
Q

what does the stomach do

A

chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes

mechanical processing through muscular contractions

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12
Q

what does the SI do

A

enzymatic digestion and absorption of water organic substances vitamins and ions

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13
Q

what does the LI do

A

enzymatic digestion and absorption of water organic substances vitamins and ions

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14
Q

what are the accessory organs of the digestive system

A

salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas

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15
Q

what do salivary glands do

A

secretion of lubricating fluid which contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates

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16
Q

what does the liver do

A

secretion of bile (important for lipid digestion)- storage of nutrients and many other vital functions

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17
Q

what does the gallbladder do

A

storage and concentration of bile

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18
Q

what does the pancreas do

A

exocrine cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes,

endocrine secrete hormones

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19
Q

what do exocrine cells release from the pancreas

A

buffers and digestive enzymes

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20
Q

what do endocrine cells release from the pancreas

A

they secrete hormones

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21
Q

what is the order of organs in the tube from proximal to distal

A 
oral cavity 
oesophagus 
stomach 
SI 
LI 
rectum 
Anus
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22
Q

what level does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm

A

T10- oesophagus has 10 letters

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23
Q

what does the oral cavity do

A

the mechanical breakdown of food

chemical breakdown of food- parotid gland

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24
Q

which muscle allows us to keep food on our teeth surface

A

Buccinator

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25
which is the largest salivary gland
parotid
26
which clues can we see of GI tract/ systemic diseases in the mouth
``` oral thrush decay ulceration discolouration of teeth softened teeth/erosion abscesses ```
27
describe the oesophagus
muscular tube which connects the mouth to the stomach
28
what does the oesophagus consist of
smooth muscle
29
which organ connects the oral cavity to the oesophagus
pharynx
30
how does the bolus of food move down the oesophagus
by waves of contractions of the smooth muscle in the oesophagus
31
what shape is the stomach
J shaped bag
32
what does the stomach connect
the oesophagus to the SI
33
what does the inner surface of the stomach have
small folds called rugae
34
why do we need rugae
increase SA | allows the stomach to expand
35
what are the functions of the stomach
mechanical digestion from solid to liquid chemical digestion acid secretion and antibacterial action
36
what is the anatomy of the SI
duodenum proximal) jujunum ileum
37
what does the ileum connect
the SI to the LI
38
what is the function of SI
nutrient absorption
39
what the the SI attached to the posterior abdominal wall by
a mesentery
40
what does the mesentery contain
a lot of blood vessels
41
why is a lot of blood vessels important in the SI
FOR ABSOPRITON of nutrients
42
describe the duodenum
first part of the intestine receives secretions from the pancreas as well as bile from the gallbladder to aid digestion
43
what is special about the jejunum and the ileum
the fact that the inner surface is highly folded to increase SA
44
WHAT ARE THE PARTS of the LI
``` the cecum ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon ```
45
where does the ileum connect to
the ileum connects to the cecum of the LI
46
what is the function of the LI
water absroption production of faecal matter secretion of mucus
47
what is the pancreas
accessory organ of digestion
48
what re the four sections of the pancreas
head neck body tail
49
what is the function of the pancreas
Secretes enzymes into the duodenum for protein digestion (exocrine) Secretes hormones including insulin and glucagon for blood sugar control (endocrine)
50
what is the exocrine function of the pancreas
Secretes enzymes into the duodenum for protein digestion (exocrine)
51
what is the endocrine function of the pancreas
Secretes hormones including insulin and glucagon for blood sugar control (endocrine)
52
what are the four anatomical lobes of the liver
right 1 left 2 quadrate 3 caudate 4
53
what are the functions of the liver
``` Bile production Detox – drugs, alcohol Albumin production (main protein of blood plasma) Clotting factors Storage of glycogen ```
54
describe the gallbladder
Stores and secretes bile in to the duodenum | Emulsifies fat
55
what components are included in the portal triad which pass into the liver
Bile Duct out of the liver Hepatic Artery Proper into the liver Hepatic Portal Vein into the liver
56
what is the peritoneum
membranes of the abdomino-pelvic cavity
57
which duct passes out from the gallbladder
the cystic duct | passes through the pancreas
58
how does bile pass to the liver and the duodenum
the common duct
59
what duct lies in the pancreas
pancreatic duct
60
where does the hepatic portal vein collect blood from
the GI tract-
61
why does the hepatic portal vein carry blood into the liver
to be cleaned
62
where do we find the portal triad
in the free edge near the lesser omentum-
63
what connects the liver to the duodenum
the hepatoduodenal ligament
64
what connects the liver to the stomach
hepatogastric ligament
65
what is the lesser omentum made up of
the hepatogastic ligament | and the hepaduodenal ligament
66
what is the peritoneum made up of
visceral-covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs parietal- lines the inner body walls
67
what does visceral peritoneum cover
the external surfaces of most digestive organs | SHINY
68
what does the parietal peritoneum cover
lines the inner body walls
69
what is the peritoneal cavity
the potential space between the visceral and parietal peritoneum
70
what is found in the peritoneal cavity
fluid which helps with lubrication
71
what forms the mesentery
two layers of visceral peritoneum
72
when is the organ considered as intraperitoneal
A mesentery attaches an organ to the posterior abdominal wall and means the organ can be mobilized.
73
when is the organ considered as retroperitoneal
If the visceral peritoneum runs over the organ, anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall,
74
what is the greater omentum
hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach, covering the GI tract and providing protection. It is a large fold of visceral peritoneum.
75
what is the lesser omentum
Connected from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach
76
how is the omentum different to the mesentery
the omentum is a double layer of parietal peritoneum rather than visceral peritoneum

intro to biomedical sciences IBMS (35 decks)

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