nutrition and periodontal disease

Question 1

why is nutrition important

Answer 1

modulates immune response and the host defences are required optimal healing
defensive epithelial barrier of the junctional and crevicular epithelium

Question 2

what does the rapid turnover of cells dependant on

Answer 2

vitamin A
vitamin C 
protein 
folic acid 
iron

Question 3

what is nutrigenomics

Answer 3

nutrition modifying gene expression and it the genetic basis for variable responses to diet

Question 4

what are the major nutrients

Answer 4

consumed in gram qualities
such as protein
carbohydrate
lipids

Question 5

what are the minor nutrients

Answer 5

milligram and microgram quantity

minerals such as calcium and magnesium

Question 6

why are vitamins important

Answer 6

to maintain metabolic reactions

Question 7

are vitamins made in sufficient amounts in the body

Answer 7

no- have to be supplied by food or made from a provitamin

Question 8

which vitamins are fat soluble

Answer 8

vitamins A D E K

Question 9

which vitamins are water soluble

Answer 9

vitamin C, B vitamins

Question 10

describe vitamin A

Answer 10

it is essential for night vision and maturation of epithelial tissues

Question 11

what happens when people have excess vitamin A

Answer 11

causes gingival erosions and bleeding

loss of keratinisation, headache,dry mouth and loss of hair

Question 12

how can we help when a patient has excess vitamin A

Answer 12

gingival improvement seen in one week when excessive vitamins A was stopped

Question 13

describe vitamin D

Answer 13

mantinains blood calcium levels and metabolism of osseous tissue

Question 14

how can we get vitamin D

Answer 14

exposure to sunlight

and synthesised in the body but generally insufficient

Question 15

when is the sunlight strong enough for in the UK for vitamin D

Answer 15

UV light is strongest in april to september

Question 16

how do we get vitamin D

Answer 16

oil fish such as salmon and sardines
cod liver oil
egg yolk,meat and milk
some breakfast cereals are fortified with vitamin D

Question 17

what is the active metabolic of 25-hydroxyvitamin D

Answer 17

1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D

Question 18

what does the active metabolite inhibit

Answer 18

cytokine production and cell proliferation

probably linked to cancer, diabetes and CVD ]may be associated with vitamin D

Question 19

what did NHANES III data show with vitamin D

Answer 19

D levels inversely associated with associated with attachment loss in pts older than 50

Question 20

where is vitamin c made

Answer 20

by all plants and most animals

humans and non human primates and a few other animals can not make vitamin c

Question 21

why is vitamin c important

Answer 21

required for collagen maturation (hydroxylation of lysine and proline)

Question 22

what does deficiency of vitamins c cause

Answer 22

scurvy

Question 23

what are the symptoms of scurvy

Answer 23

muscle weakness
swollen painful joints
tissue bleeding and marked gingivitis

Question 24

which vitamin do smokers have less of

Answer 24

vit c

Question 25

why is vitamin b important

Answer 25

energy production from carbohydrates and fats | in red cell formation and in protein and AA metabolism

Question 26

what does the double blind study show in regards to vitamin b complex

Answer 26

it can improve measures of periodontal wound healing | supplement of vit B improves CAL after flap surgery

Question 27

why is calcium important

Answer 27

for normal bone metabolism

Question 28

how is calcium homeostasis controlled

Answer 28

by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

Question 29

what is the link between dairy and perio disease

Answer 29

low dietary calcium results in more serve perio

Question 30

what result was seen when calcium supplement was given to post menopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis

Answer 30

shown to prevent tooth loss related to periodontal disease

Question 31

why is fibre important

Answer 31

increased fibre intake is associated with less perio disease and it can be due to the decrease in plaque accumulation

Question 32

what can alcohol consumption do to CAL

Answer 32

increased severity of CAL

Question 33

what is the definition of obesity

Answer 33

defined as a BMI greater than 30kg/m2

Question 34

what is obesity a risk factor for

Answer 34

hypertension type 2 diabetes CHD stroke gallbladder disease

Question 35

what does obesity relate to in oral health

Answer 35

xerostomia caries periodontitis

Question 36

what did we learn about obesity in rats in healthy oral conditions

Answer 36

obesity does not promote periodontal alternations

Question 37

what did we learn about obesity in rats with plaque accumulation

Answer 37

perio inflammation and destruction

Question 38

where are inflammatory cytokines found

Answer 38

in adipose tissue and adipose macrophages

Question 39

give examples of inflammatory cytokines

Answer 39

adipokines or adipocytokines,

Question 40

what do fish oils contain

Answer 40

have anti inflammatory actions which can benefit perio health Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Question 41

which diet is protective against DM

Answer 41

saturated fats, free sugar, high in fruit, vegetables and fibre

Question 42

which diseases might predispose to perio disease

Answer 42

diabetes mellitus | cerebrovascular disease and obesity

Question 43

when there was nutritional intervention what did we see in the oral cavity

Answer 43

reduction in probing pocket depth, gingival inflammation and decrease in interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 6 in GCF

Question 44

what do Il-1β and and IL-6 are proinflammatory cytokines do

Answer 44

pro inflammatory cytokines involved in periodontal destruction

Question 45

what is involved in diet and healing

Answer 45

non-surgical and surgical Eating transiently compromised following therapy: more relevant to surgery Recommend soft foods post surgery with appropriate dietary balance

Question 46

in perio samples what was there a lack of

Answer 46

coenzyme 10 which was used in ETC of mitochondria

Question 47

what did low vitamin c diet lead to

Answer 47

an increase in gingival inflammation and bleeding but not CAL

Question 48

what is the link between magnesium and perio disease

Answer 48

reported to be associated with PD

Question 49

what is the link between magnesium to calcium ratio

Answer 49

lower levels of attachment loss

Question 50

what was noticed in obese rats in response to plaque accumulation

Answer 50

periodontal inflammation and destruction was more severe

Question 51

why is the location of body fat accumulation important

Answer 51

increase in visceral fat is more important for CAL

Question 52

which healthy group is 40% Less likely to have periodontitis

Answer 52

those of a normal weight | pursued regular exercise and consumed healthy diet

Question 53

what is low docosahexaenoic acid related to

Answer 53

more periodontal disease in other subjects

Question 54

what type of foods should we recommend post surgery

Answer 54

soft foods with dietary balance

Question 55

what does coenzyme 10 do

Answer 55

Involved in electron transport functions of mitochondria

Question 56

why was coenzyme 10 relevant to look at

Answer 56

in periodisease tissues lower levels of coenzyme 10

Question 57

what are chewing sticks

Answer 57

sticks of salvadora persica plant which have selective antimicrobial effect against some oral micro-organisms