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intro to biomedical sciences IBMS > Vitamins E lec > Flashcards

Vitamins E lec Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

why is vitamin k important

A

important in blood clotting and the formation of mineralised tissues

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2
Q

why are babies given vitamin k AT birth

A

to stop from internal bleeding

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3
Q

what is the RNI of vitamin K in the uk

A

no established RNI

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4
Q

what are our sources of vitamin K

A

from gut bacteria but also available in green veg and egg yolk and liver and cereals

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5
Q

why can we get vitamin K deficiency

A

lack of vitamin K
long term antibiotic use which can diminish gut bacteria
anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin- antagonists
new born babies have sterile gut so cannot make fit k

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6
Q

what is the function of vitamin k

A

essential in the formation of gamma carboxylgutammate

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7
Q

what happens when there is a deficiency of vitamin k

A

it cannot be used as co factor to produce gamma carboxyglutamate and therefore inhibits protein function

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8
Q

which clotting factors contain gamma carboxyglutamate

A

clotting factors II,VII,IX,X

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9
Q

What do clotting factors II,VII,IX,X have in common

A

they all contain gamma carboxyglutamate

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10
Q

what else is required for blood clotting

A

calcium ions

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11
Q

what will too much warfarin cause

A

uncontrollable haemorrhage

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12
Q

what is warfarin used as

A

rat poison

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13
Q

how do we treat warfarin poisoning

A

vitamin K injection

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14
Q

which protein is involved in bone formation and contains gamma carboxyglutamate

A

osteocalcin

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15
Q

what does osteocalcin contain

A

contains gamma carboxyglutamate

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16
Q

what are infants who are born to mothers taking warfarin at risk of

A

foetal warfarin syndrome- severe bone deformities

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17
Q

what is another name for vitamin A

A

retinol

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18
Q

what is the RNI for vitamin A in women

A

600mg/day

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19
Q

what is the RNI for vitamin A in men

A

700mg/day

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20
Q

what are some sources of vitamin A

A 
butter 
whole milk
egg yolk
liver 
fit oils
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21
Q

what does XS vitamin a lead to

A

toxic
skin and nerve disorders
also teratogenic( causes congenital foetal malformation)

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22
Q

what are the three active forms of vitamin A

A

RETINAL
RETINOIC ACID
B carotene

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23
Q

describe retinal

A

binds to opsin to fome the visual pigment rhodopsin which helps us see in low level light

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24
Q

describe retinoic acid

A

acts as as steroid hormone increasing the transcription of proteins controlling cell growth and differentiation

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25
describe b carotene
an antioxidant- protects dan against oxidative damage which may cause cancer
26
what can deficiencies of vitamins a present as
mild- follicular hyperkeratosis | anemia and increased susceptibility to infection and night blindness
27
what can severe vitamin A deficiency present as
progressive keratinisation of the cornea of the eye leading to xerophthalmia- infection sets in leading to haemorrhaging and permanent loss of vision
28
what are the oral implications of vitamin a deficiency
impaired healing desquamination of oral mucosa and keratosis gingival hypertrophy loss of taste disturbed enamel and dentine formation
29
what is another name for vitamin b1
thiamin
30
what is the recommended nutrient intake for thiamin in men
1mg/day
31
what is the recommended nutrient intake for thiamin in women
0.8mg/day
32
what are some sources of thiamin
whole grains pork yeast dairy and legumes
33
what is the function of thiamin
coenzyme in dehydrogenase enzymes involved catabolism | also important in the conduction of nerve impulses
34
what is beriberi
result of a long term deficiency where polished rice is a major diet constituent causes fatigue nerve damage heart can also be affected on the right side leading to oedema
35
what is a classic sign of of nerve damage
loss of the ankle jerk reface
36
what can happen if the right side of the heart is damaged
can lead to oedema
37
what is wernicke korsakoff syndrome
in developed countries thiamine defieicnes occur in alcoholics
38
what are the characteristics of wernickes korsakoff syndrome
apathy loss of memory | loss of side to side motion of eyeballs
39
what are the oral symptoms of vitamin b deficiency
include burning tongue and oral mucosa sensitivity
40
what is vitamin b6 called
pyridoxine
41
what is the recommended nutrient index of vitamins b6 in men
1.4mg/days
42
what is the recommended nutrient index of vitamins b6 in women
1.2mg/day
43
what can large doses of vitamin b6 cause
severe nerve damage
44
what are sources of vitamin b6
``` wheat egg yolk liver fish poultry ```
45
what is the function of vitamin b6
pyridoxal phosphate is a co enzyme un mary reactions including transamination and deamination
46
where can deficiency be seen in people with vitamin b6 deficiency
babies who are fed formula milk old people alcoholics
47
what are the symptoms of b6 deficiency
anaemia depression and convulsions
48
how is pyridoxine attached in the body
to the transminase enzyme in the form of pyridoxal phosphate
49
what is another name for vitamin e
tocopherol
50
what is the RNI of vitamin e
it is difficult to establish because deficiency if virtually unknown
51
what does vitamin e deficiency occur secondary to
lipid absorption disorders as it is absorbed in lipids
52
what are the sources of vitamin e
8 vitamins related to tocopherols and tocotrienols it is found in vegetable and wheat germ oils green veggies and nuts
53
what is the function of vitamin e
Vitamin E is an antioxidant. It protects vitamin A, cell membrane components, red blood cells and low density lipoproteins (LDL) against oxidation- therefore may decrease the risk of heart disease
54
what is another name for vitamin b2
riboflavin
55
what is the RNI of riboflavin in men
1.3mg/day in men
56
what is the rni of riboflavin in women
1.1mg/day
57
is vitamin b2 toxic
it is non toxic
58
what are the sources of riboflavin
milk eggs liver
59
what is the function of vitamin b2
active as a flavin mononucelotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide these are co enzymes and associated with electron carrying in oxidases and dehydrogenase
60
where can we see deficiency of vitamin b2
in alcoholics and the elderly
61
what are the symptoms of vitamin b2 deficiency
cracks and inflammation at the corners of the mouth and on the lips and cataracts and glossitis( inflamed tongue) growth failure scaliness around nose and ears
62
what is another name for vitamin b3
niacin | nicotinic acid and nicotinamide
63
what is the RNI for vitamin b3 in men
17mg/day
64
what is the rni for vitamin b3 in women
14mg/day
65
what are some sources of vitamin b3
whole grains milk | meat fish and the AA tryptophan
66
how much tryptophan is needed to make 1mg of the vitamin b3
60mg of tryptophan is needed for 1mg
67
what is the function of vitamin b3
active forms are NAD AND NADPH- coenzymes in many reactions
68
what is pellagra
a side effect of vitamin b6 deficiency characterised by a red rash on skin exposed to the sun and depressive psychosis
69
what is the rni of pantothenic acid
no recognised rni
70
what are sources of pantothenic acid
eggs | liver and yeast
71
what is the function of pantothenic acid
part of co enzyme A
72
what are the symptoms of pantothenic acid deficiency
rare but fatigue
73
what is the rni of biotin
none stated
74
what is the sources of biotin
most foods esp egg yolk yeast nuts also synthesised by intestinal bacteria
75
what is the function of biotin
coenzyme in carboxylation reactions- carries C02
76
what can consuming huge amounts of raw egg can induce deficiency
dermatitis
77
what does egg white contain
a protein called avidin which binds biotin and prevents its uptake

intro to biomedical sciences IBMS (35 decks)

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