Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of form or structure

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of function

Question 3

Inspection

Answer 3

looking at the body’s appearance

Question 4

Palpation

Answer 4

feeling with hands

Question 5

Auscultation

Answer 5

listening to body sounds

Question 6

Percussion

Answer 6

taps on body, feel for abnormal resistance

Question 7

Cadaver Dissection

Answer 7

cutting and separating tissues to reveal their relationships

Question 8

Comparative Anatomy

Answer 8

study of more than one species to examine structural similarities and differences, analyze evolutionary trends

Question 9

Exploratory Surgery

Answer 9

open the body and look inside to find whats wrong

Question 10

Medical Imaging

Answer 10

view inside the body without opening, radiology

Question 11

Gross Anatomy

Answer 11

study of structures with the naked eye

Question 12

Cytology

Answer 12

study of structure and function of cells

Question 13

Histology

Answer 13

Microscope Anatomy, exam cells with microscope

Question 14

Ultrastructure

Answer 14

molecular detail, electron microscope

Question 15

Histopathology

Answer 15

microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease

Question 16

Neurophysiology

Answer 16

nervous system

Question 17

Endocrinology

Answer 17

hormones

Question 18

Pathophysiology

Answer 18

disease

Question 19

Comparative Physiology

Answer 19

study of how different species have solved problems of life

Question 20

Hippocrates

Answer 20

“father” of medicine, Hippocratic code, urged physicians to seek for natural causes, rather than attribute to acts of god

Question 21

Aristotle

Answer 21

one of 1st philosophers to write about physiology, theologi (supernatual), Physiology (natural), physical and physilogy

Question 22

Claudius Galen

Answer 22

Physician to roman gladiators, wrote book to advise to trust own observations, animal dissections

Question 23

Maimonides

Answer 23

Jewish Physician, Moses ben Maimon, wrote 10 influential medical texts, physician to Egyptian sultan Saladin

Question 24

Avicenna

Answer 24

Ibn Sina, “Galen of Islam”, wrote Canon of Medicine

Question 25

Andreas Vesalius

Answer 25

Taught anatomy, performed own dissections, 1st atlas of anatomy, 1543

Question 26

William Harvey

Answer 26

Early physiologist, early studies on blood circulation, blood from heart and back, De Motu Cordis, Motion of Heart 1628

Question 27

Michael Servetus

Answer 27

1st Western scientist to realize blood must circulate, heart-organs-heart

Question 28

Robert Hooke

Answer 28

Improvements to compound microscope, first to see and name cells, "micrographia" 1665

Question 29

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 29

Blood, lake water, sperm, bacteria

Question 30

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann

Answer 30

Cell theory

Question 31

Cell Theory

Answer 31

All organisms are composed of cells

Question 32

Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes

Answer 32

Scientific Method, Philosophers, academies of science

Question 33

Inductive Method

Answer 33

Francis Bacon

Question 34

Hypothetico-Deductive Method

Answer 34

investigator begins by asking questions and forms a hypothesis

Question 35

Falsifiabilty

Answer 35

if something is scientifically true, one must be able to provide evidence to falsify

Question 36

Experimental Design

Answer 36

sample size, controls, psychosomatic effects,

Question 37

Charles Darwin

Answer 37

Natural Selection(1859) Descent of Man(1871)

Question 38

Evolution

Answer 38

change in genetic composition of organisms of population of organisms

Question 39

Natural Selection

Answer 39

Some individuals within a species have hereditary advantage over competitors

Question 40

Adaptations

Answer 40

features of anatomy, physiology, and behavior that have evolved in response to selection pressures and enable the organism to cope w/ challenges of environment

Question 41

Vestigial Organs

Answer 41

remnants of organs that were better developed and more functional in ancestors of a species and now serve little or no purpose

Question 42

Australophicetus

Answer 42

oldest bipedal primate

Question 43

Hierarchy of Complexity

Answer 43

``` Organism-organ system, single complete indv. Organ system- Organs, Organs- Tissues tissues- cells cells- organelles organelles- molecules molecules- atoms ```

Question 44

Reductionism

Answer 44

theory that a large complex system like a body can be understood by studying it simpler components

Question 45

Holism

Answer 45

Theory that "emergent properties" of whole organism cannot be predicted from properties of separate parts

Question 46

Characteristics of Life

Answer 46

organization, cellular composition, metabolism, responsiveness and movement, homeostasis, development, reproduction, and evolution

Question 47

Homeostasis

Answer 47

ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and maintain stability Claude Bernard and Walter Cannon

Question 48

Negative Feedback Loop

Answer 48

body senses a change and activates mechanisms to achieve dynamic equilibrium

Question 49

Components of Negative Feedback Loop

Answer 49

Receptor, Integrating Center, Effector

Question 50

Positive Feedback Loop

Answer 50

Self amplifying cycle, greater change in the same direction

Question 51

Gradient

Answer 51

difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other between one point and another