patient supine
on back
patient prone
on front
sagittal plane
splits body into L and R
coronal plane
splits body into anterior and posterior
axial plane
splits body into superior and inferior
transverse plane
splits body into superior and posterior but ‘line’ isn’t parallel to ground
anterior
front
posterior
back
superior/cranial
top of head
inferior/caudal
soles of feet
medial
nearer midline
lateral
further from midline
proximal
nearer attachment
distal
further from attachment
superficial
nearer surface
deep
further from surface
external
further from centre
internal
closer to centre
major
bigger
minor
smaller
dorsal surface of tongue
posterior
dorsal surface of foot
superior
dorsal surface of hand and wrist
posterior
anterior surface of the wrist
volar
anterior surface of hand
palmar
anterior surface of tongue
ventral
inferior surface of foot
plantar
if a structure is one sided
unilateral
if a structure is paired (L and R)
bilateral
if a structure is near/on midline
midline
if two structures are on the same side
ipsilateral
if two structures are on different sides
contralateral
flexion
joint angle decreases
extension
joint angle increases
abduction
move away from midline
adduction
move towards midline
internal/medial rotation
anterior surface rotates towards midline
external/lateral rotation
anterior surface rotates away from midline
circumduction
circular motion
eversion
foot moves away from midline
inversion
foot moves towards midline
pronation
forearm moves palm to face posteriorly
supination
forearm moves palm to anatomical position
opposition of digits
moving digits from normal
reppostition of digits
moving digits back to normal
elevation
superior movement
depression
inferior movement
lateral flexion
top half moves away from midline
protrusion of jaw
moves anteriorly
retraction of jaw
moves back
protraction of shoulders
anterior
retraction of shoudlers
posterior
