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Nursing > Anatomy Exam 4 > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Lies between left atrium & left ventricle;
permit blood flow in one direction; prevents backflow / regurgitation of blood flow back into heart

A

Bicuspid, aka Mitral Valve

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2
Q

(Heart Functions)
Relaxation; the chambers fill with blood & prepare for next cardiac cycle

A

Diastole

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3
Q

Artificial measures to cause a person’s immune system to manufacture antibodies;
made with live organisms or ones killed by heat / chemicals

A

Vaccine

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4
Q

Blood reaches vital organs by more than one route

A

Arterial anastomosis

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5
Q

In the aortic and carotid bodies;
Detect changes in O2 & CO2 concentrations

A

Chemoreceptors

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6
Q

All chemical & gas exchange between blood & ISF takes place across

A

Capillary Walls

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7
Q

Superior Vena Cava delivers ___ blood to ____ atrium

A

deoxygenated, right atrium

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8
Q

Blood within a ventricle that is pumped during systole

A

Ejection Fraction

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9
Q

(Antibodies)
Provide resistance against viruses & bacteria;
Enhances phagocytosis, neutralizes toxins

A

IgG

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10
Q

Number of times heart beats per minute

A

Heart rate

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11
Q

(Antibodies)
Works with basophils to release histamine & accelerate inflammation

A

IgE

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12
Q

Protective covering of the outer surface of heart

A

Serous lining

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13
Q

Adjusts heart rate, strength of cardiac contractions & flow of blood through peripheral tissues

A

Medulla

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14
Q

(lower half of body)
Brings deoxygenated blood from trunk & legs;
Delivers to right atrium

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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15
Q

Lies between right atrium & right ventricle;
prevent backflow of blood when heart contracts

A

Tricuspid Valve

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16
Q

Contains lymphoid tissue that filters blood; part of lymphatic system;
Also functions as part of circulatory system

A

Spleen

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17
Q

(Blood Pressure)
Bottom number, caused by relaxation of heart muscles

A

Diastolic

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18
Q

(2 right & 2 left)
Bring oxygenated blood from lungs;
Delivers to left atrium

A

Pulmonary Veins

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19
Q

Clumping of bacteria by the attached antibodies; makes them easier for phagocytosis

A

Agglutination

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20
Q

____ are the only blood vessel whose walls permit exchange between blood & surrounding interstitial fluid

A

Capillaries

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21
Q

(Control of Heart)
Decreases heart rate;
Inhibitory nerve fiber

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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22
Q

Located in groin region;
Drain lower extremities & external genital organs

A

Inguinal lymph nodes

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23
Q

Largest mass of lymphoid tissue in body;
Contains phagocytes & lymphocytes

A

Spleen

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24
Q

Returns waste products dissolved in tissue fluid to the blood

A

Osmosis

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25
Q

Heart has two sets of motor nerve fibers
-One set reaches heart through Vagus nerve & _____, Other set reaches heart through spinal cord & _____

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System, Sympathetic Nervous System

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26
Q

____ plays key role in immune system development;
Lymphoid stem cells in red bone marrow migrate here where production of mature ___ cells occurs from hormone thymosin

A

Thymus, T Cells

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27
Q

Recognize foreign antigens

A

Helper T Cells

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28
Q

Semilunar Valves are located at the ___

A

Exit

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29
Q

_____ transport nutrients & O2 to cells

A

Capillaries; Capillary Exchange

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30
Q

Inferior Vena Cava delivers ____ blood to ____ atrium

A

deoxygenated, right atrium

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31
Q

Visceral pericardium;
Serous membrane covering outer surface of heart

A

Epicardium

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32
Q

Carry lymph from lymph capillaries to lymph nodes, also carry from Lymph nodes to lymph ducts

A

Lymph Vessels

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33
Q

Drain part of head & neck

A

Cervical lymph nodes

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34
Q

____ movement is caused by breathing & skeletal muscle contractions

A

lymph

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35
Q

Prevent lymph from flowing backward (Especially vessels in extremities)

A

Lymph Valves

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36
Q

Normal vessel state

A

Slightly Constricted

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37
Q

Lies between left ventricle & aorta;
prevent backflow of blood into ventricles

A

Aortic Valve

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38
Q

Body’s defense against infection

A

T Cells

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39
Q

Cardiac Output in mL/min =
______ X ______

A

Heart rate x Stroke volume

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40
Q

Produced by the T cells to block viral reproduction

A

Interferon

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41
Q

(Antibodies)
Crosses placenta during pregnancy, mother provides passive immunity to fetus

A

IgG

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42
Q

(Blood Pressure)
Top number, caused by constriction of heart muscles

A

Systolic

43
Q

Lies between right ventricle & pulmonary artery;
prevent backflow of blood into ventricles

A

Pulmonary Valve

44
Q

Lowers blood Vessel diameter;
lowers blood flow

A

Vasoconstriction

45
Q

(Heart Functions)
volume of blood in mL’s ejected from the ventricle with each beat

A

Stroke Volume

46
Q

Contracts to decrease heart size & force blood out of chambers

A

Myocardium

47
Q

Pulmonary veins deliver ____ blood to ___ atrium

A

oxygenated, left

48
Q

carries deoxygenated blood to lungs to be reoxygenated & to remove carbon dioxide

A

Pulmonary Circulation

49
Q

(Antibodies)
Anti-A & anti-B antibodies responsible for agglutination of cross matched blood

A

IgM

50
Q

Localized tissue response to injury, infection, or irritant;
Eliminate the cause of the damage & permit tissue repair

A

Inflammation

51
Q

_____ pump blood into arteries

A

Ventricles

52
Q

Symptoms of inflammation are:

A

swelling, redness, heat & pain

53
Q

Direct blood flow in one direction through heart;
Prevent back flow / regurgitation of blood;
Located at entrance & exit of each ventricle

A

Heart valves (4 of them)

54
Q

Pulmonary Circulation:
circulation of blood from
____ -> lungs -> ____

A

right ventricle -> lungs -> left atrium ->

55
Q

Atrioventricular Valves are located at the ____

A

Entrance

56
Q

Located in armpits;
serve as way stations for migrating cancer cells;
may stop cancer cells or may be site of cancer

A

Axillary lymph nodes

57
Q

(Heart Functions)
Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute

A

Cardiac Output

58
Q

Process for dissolved nutrients in plasma to be brought to tissues

A

Filtration

59
Q

Lymph Vessels carry lymph from lymph nodes to ___

A

lymph ducts

60
Q

Slow spread of viral infections by disrupting production of viral infiltration

A

Interferon

61
Q

Stimulation of ___ Increases cardiac output & vasoconstriction of arterioles;
Increases B/P

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

62
Q

(Antibodies)
Active in allergic reactions & parasite infections

A

IgE

63
Q

Inner tunic (coat) of arteries and veins;
Prevents abnormal clotting

A

Endothelium

64
Q

Carry deoxygenated blood from the venules and transport it back to the heart

A

Veins

65
Q

High blood pressure

A

Hypertension

66
Q

(Control of Heart)
Increases heart rate;
Excitatory nerve fibers

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

67
Q

Difference between resting cardiac output and maximum exercise cardiac output

A

Cardiac Reserve

68
Q

Causes vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure

A

Norepinephrine

69
Q

lymph movement is ____

A

slow

70
Q

Prevent backflow

A

Valves in Vessels

71
Q

Decreased blood volume, lowering blood pressure

A

ANP

72
Q

(Antibodies)
Causes allergic response, drug sensitivities, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivities

A

IgE

73
Q

(Antibodies)
First antibody secreted after arrival of antigen;
found in blood and lymph

A

IgM

74
Q

Large nodules in walls of pharynx (for protection);
Lymphoid tissue- contain large number of lymphocytes

A

Tonsils

75
Q

Carry oxygenated blood away from heart

A

Arteries

76
Q

Lymph Vessels carry lymph from lymph capillaries to ___

A

lymph nodes

77
Q

Decreases heart rate;
Inhibitory nerve fibers

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

78
Q

Muscular wall of the heart - constructed of cardiac muscle tissue;
Muscle layer forms atria & ventricles

A

Myocardium

79
Q

Lymph Fluids eventually become part of _____

A

Plasma

80
Q

Raises Blood Vessel diameter;
raises blood flow

A

Vasodilation

81
Q

Pacemaker of the heart

A

SA Node

82
Q

In the carotid and aortic sinuses;
detect Blood Pressure changes

A

Pressoreceptors

83
Q

Communication between two arteries or two veins

A

Anastomosis

84
Q

five tonsils that form a ring of lymphatic tissue around pharynx

A

Waldeyer’s Ring

85
Q

Increases heart rate;
Excitatory nerve fibers

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

86
Q

Produce antibodies;
Large proteins cannot easily pass through capillary walls, so they help prevent fluid from leaking out (plugs)

A

Plasma

87
Q

Will adjust cardiac output to maintain adequate oxygen & blood circulation to brain & organs

A

Medulla

88
Q

Part of the brain that regulates vessels

A

Medulla

89
Q

Tiny, thin-walled vessels that permit exchange between systems;
Between blood & cells / between blood & air in lungs

A

Capillaries

90
Q

Primary cells involved in protecting body through immune response

A

Lymphocytes

91
Q

(Antibodies)
Used in determining blood type

A

IgM

92
Q

(Antibodies)
Largest class of antibodies (75%);
found in blood and lymph

A

IgG

93
Q

5 tonsils of Waldeyer’s Ring:

A

Nasopharyngeal = adenoids (one)
Palatine tonsils (two)
Lingual tonsils (two)

94
Q

(Heart Functions)
Contraction; blood is pushed forward to the next chamber or aorta

A

Systole

95
Q

(top half of body)
Brings deoxygenated blood from head, chest, & arms;
Delivers to right atrium

A

Superior Vena Cava

96
Q

Process for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

A

Diffusion

97
Q

Systolic number in blood pressure is a result of ____ of the heart muscles

A

Constriction

98
Q

Diastolic number in blood pressure is a result of ____ of the heart muscles

A

Relaxation

99
Q

___ are thin walled chambers that receive blood from the veins

A

Atria (atrium)

100
Q

____ are thick walled chambers that forcefully pump blood out of the heart

A

Ventricles

101
Q

The main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system

A

Aorta

102
Q

Heart Rate x Stroke Volume =

A

Cardiac output in mL/min

103
Q

Interferon is produced by the ___

A

T cells

Nursing (7 decks)

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