Anatomy lab: mouth, larynx, lymphatics

Question 1

Describe the superficial lymph nodes of the head and neck

Answer 1

• receive lymph from the scalp, face and neck

- arranged in a ring shape; extending from underneath the chin, to the posterior aspect of the head.

Question 2

name the superficial lymph nodes

Answer 2

Submental nodes
Submandibular nodes
Preauricular/Parotid
Occipital nodes
Posterior auricular/retroarticular nodes

Question 3

describe location and drainage of submental nodes

Answer 3

Inferior to chin
Drains:
- lower lip
- floor of the mouth 
- tip of tongue.

Question 4

Describe location and drainage of Submandibular nodes

Answer 4

Inferior and medial to the body of the mandible
Drains:
Rest of tongue
- Gums
- Teeth
- Most of face, below the imaginary line
- Maxillary sinus and nasal cavity

Question 5

Describe location and drainage of Preauricular/Parotid nodes

Answer 5

Anterior to ear, superficial to parotid
Drains:
- Anterior ear
- Anterolateral scalp
- Upper half of face, eyelids, cheeks and forehead

Question 6

Describe location and drainage of Occipital Nodes

Answer 6

Base of the skull near attachment of trapezius muscle
Drains:
- posterior scalp and neck

Question 7

Describe location and drainage of Posterior auricular/retroarticular nodes

Answer 7

Posterior to ear, near attachment of sternocleidomastoid muscle
Drains:
- Posterolateral half of scalp

Question 8

what nodes drain into superficial cervical nodes

Answer 8

Drains: Occipital and Posterior auricular

Question 9

what nodes drain into deep cervical nodes

Answer 9

Drains: Preauricular, Submandibular and Submental

Question 10

where are deep cervical nodes found

Answer 10

Collection of lymph nodes surrounding the internal jugular vein

Question 11

where are superficial cervical nodes found

Answer 11

Nodes sit on the superficial surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 12

name the deep cervical nodes

Answer 12

Jugulodigastric node

Jugulomohyoid node

Question 13

Describe location and drainage of Jugulodigastric nodes

Answer 13

most superior node
Sits just above the tendon of the digastric muscle
Drains:
o palatine tonsil

Question 14

Describe location and drainage of Jugulomohyoid nodes

Answer 14

Above the tendon of omohyoid
Drains:
o Tongue

Question 15

Describe location of Supraclavicular nodes

Answer 15

found above clavicle

Question 16

what is Virchows node

Answer 16

supraclavicular node
receives lymph from abdominal cavity and can be
enlarged in GI cancers

Question 17

what are the extrinsic muscles of tongue

Answer 17

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus x2
Styloglossus x2
Palatoglossus x2

Question 18

Describe location and function of Genioglossus

Answer 18

Found on both sides and separated by the septum

protrudes and depresses the tongue

Question 19

Describe location and function of Hyoglossus

Answer 19

Hyoid bone to side of tongue

Depresses and retracts tongue

Question 20

Describe location and function of styloglossus

Answer 20

Styloid process to side of the tongue

Retract and elevates the tongue

Question 21

Describe location and function of Palatoglossus

Answer 21

Palatine aponeurosis and broadly across tongue

Elevates posterior aspect of tongue

Question 22

what is the function of the larynx

Answer 22

connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea

Question 23

how many cartilages is wall of larynx composed of and name them

Answer 23

9 pieces of cartilage

Single:

• Thyroid
• Epiglottis - lined by squamous nonkeratinsed epithelium
• Cricoid

Paired – lined by squamous nonkeratinsed epithelium

• Arytenoid
• Cuneiform
• Corniculate

Question 24

Describe thryroid cartilage (location, type of cartilage and connection with criocoid cartilage)

Answer 24

hyaline cartilage
anterior wall of larynx
Connects with cricoid cartilage by cricothyroid ligament = membrane and cricothyroid joint = synovial joint

Question 25

what is Cricothyroid ligament a site for

Answer 25

emergency airways with a fine bore needle

Question 26

Describe the innervation of the muscles of the tongue

Answer 26

All muscles of the tongue are innervated by
the hypoglossal nerve (CNXII) except for the
palatoglossus which is innervated by the
vagus nerve (CNX)

Question 27

How are vocal folds structured

Answer 27

Mucosa membrane forms two folds:

• Superior folds = vestibular folds – do not function in voice production
• Inferior folds = vocal folds – function in voice production

Question 28

what muscles are involved in vocal fold function

Answer 28

Transverse and oblique interarytenoid muscles- adduct the vocal folds.

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle- abducts the vocal fold

Question 29

Which branch of the vagus nerve is sensory below the vocal folds and motor to most of the muscles within the larynx?

Answer 29

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 30

Why are the vocal folds paler than the rest of the interior of the larynx?

Answer 30

The larynx in general is lined by respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells). The vocal folds, in contrast, are covered by stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium. This helps withstand the friction caused by approximation of the vocal folds when speaking

Question 31

What makes up “Waldeyer’s ring”

Answer 31

Pharyngeal, tubal, palatine and lingual tonsil collectively – an interrupted ring of tonsillar tissue round the pharynx.

Question 32

Which muscle pulls the hyoid bone anteriorly during swallowing

Answer 32

Geniohyoid muscle

Question 33

From which artery does the lingual artery arise?

Answer 33

external carotid artery

Question 34

Between which muscles of the tongue does the lingual artery run?

Answer 34

Between the hyoglossus and genioglossus muscles.

Question 35

Are filiform papillae found all over the dorsum of the tongue?

Answer 35

Filiform papillae are a feature of the anterior two thirds of the tongue

Question 36

What other types of papillae are fond on the human tongue?

Answer 36

Fungiform and circumvallate papillae