Intro lecture

Question 1

What are the 2 compartments of the cranium? what do they from?

Answer 1

neurocranium - forms the protective case around the brain

viscerocrainium - forms the facial skeleton

Question 2

what are the 2 components of the skull?

Answer 2

Cranium and mandible

Question 3

what is the back of the neck important for and what is found in the front of the neck?

Answer 3

back: for support
front: visceral organs lie here

Question 4

where are neurovascular structures found in comparison to main organs/structures?

Answer 4

NV structures: lateral/out to side

main organs/structures: midline

Question 5

what passes through the cranial foramina?

Answer 5

cranial nerves and blood supply

Question 6

what passes through the Foramen magnum?

Answer 6

medulla oblongata, meninges
Blood vessels: vertebral arteries, anterior and posterior spinal arteries
Tectorial membranes and alar ligaments.
Accessory nerve

Question 7

what type of neuron are sensory neurons and describe this type

Answer 7

They are pseudo unipolar - have one cell body which splits into 2 branches

Question 8

where do nerve cells bodies of sensory neurons lie?

Answer 8

in dorsal root ganglia

Question 9

what type of neuron are motor neurons and describe this type

Answer 9

they are multipolar - have single axon with multiple dendrites

Question 10

where do nerve cells bodies of motor neurons lie?

Answer 10

in ventral grey horn of spinal cord

Question 11

dosal horn lies ____?

Answer 11

posteriorly

Question 12

ventral horn lies ____?

Answer 12

anteriorly

Question 13

what do satellite cells do?

Answer 13

they surround neurons in ganglia and provide support and protection

Question 14

what do astrocytes do?

Answer 14

provide support

Question 15

difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

Answer 15

oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheath for nerve cells in CNS
Schwann cells produce myelin sheath for nerve cells in PNS

Question 16

what is hemiparesis?

Answer 16

weakness on one entire side of body

Question 17

what is aphasia?

Answer 17

impairment of language - either production or comprehension of speech

Question 18

which artery supplies the trunk, upper limb and head?

Answer 18

middle cerebral artery

Question 19

which artery supplies the lower limb?

Answer 19

anterior cerebral artery

Question 20

what side does the left motor cortex control muscles of?

Answer 20

RHS

Question 21

what is the blood supply to the Broca’s area?

Answer 21

Left middle cerebral artery

Question 22

how many lesion sites are there in someone with multiple sclerosis, how is the CNS affected and what effect does MS have on a person?

Answer 22

multiple lesions
affects myelin that surrounds many CNS axons - seen as plaques
Partial loss of vision, double vision, sensory loss i.e numbest, motor loss i.e weakness, ataxia

Question 23

what is ataxia?

Answer 23

group of disorders that affect co-ordination, balance and speech

Question 24

nerve fibres supplying the limns leave as spinal nerves. what do these spinal nerves pass through before emerging as peripheral nerves?

Answer 24

plexuses

Question 25

what is stock and glove syndrome caused by and what is it?

Answer 25

vitamin B12 deficiency

sensory loss affecting the longest fibres (hand and feet)

Question 26

what division of the ANS are blood vessels MOSTLY supplied by?

Answer 26

Sympathetic

Question 27

where are sympathetic ganglia found?

Answer 27

in the sympathetic chain located next to vertebral column