Anatomy lecture #7 the ear recording

Question 1

three parts of the ear, AKA the Vestibulocochlear Organ organ

Answer 1

the external ear
the middle ear- medial to the eardrum
the internal ear- most medial and deepest of all of the parts

Question 2

the external ear

Answer 2

has the auricle- which is the fan shape part of the ear that is made of all cartilage
and it has the external acoustic meatus which is the hole into the ear

Question 3

external auditory canal is half ___ and half ___

Answer 3

half bone (medial portion) half cartilage (lateral portion)

Question 4

what is cerumen?

Answer 4

ear wax- in older people it can impede the sound. So it can clog the external ear canal

Question 5

middle ear is also called the

Answer 5

Tympanic Cavity ( think of it as a room you’re standing in)

Question 6

Ossicles

Answer 6

vibrate whenever we transmit sound into the ear. They relay this to where it can be transmitted to electrical energy, and it’s carried by the 8th cranial nerve to the brain

Question 7

Tympanic Membrane

Answer 7

membrane of the ear drum

Question 8

Tegmen Tympani

Answer 8

the roof over the middle ear

Question 9

Epitympanic Recess

Answer 9

extension into upper right middle ear

Question 10

layers of eardrum (tympanic membrane)

Answer 10

lateral layer is skin
middle layer is connective tissue
median side = mucus membrane

Question 11

the umbo

Answer 11

it’s the end an ossicle that is attached to the medial side of the eardrum

Question 12

malleolus

Answer 12

the actual ossicle that attaches to the medial side of the eardrum

Question 13

what is the opening at the base of the cochlea called?

Answer 13

Fenestra Vestibuli (Oval Window)

Question 14

Fenestra Cochlea (Round Window) location

Answer 14

underneath the fenestra vestibule

Question 15

tensor tympani muscle innervated by

Answer 15

V3

Question 16

tensor tympani runs parallel to

Answer 16

auditory (eustachian) tube

Question 17

what does the tensor tympani do

Answer 17

it dampens the vibration of the malleus so that it isn’t top loud for us

Question 18

auditory tube connects what to what

Answer 18

middle ear to nasal pharynx

Question 19

auditory tube runs

Answer 19

down, medially, and anteriorly

Question 20

lateral 1/3rd of auditory tube is

Answer 20

bone

Question 21

medial 2/3rd of auditory tube is

Answer 21

cartilage

Question 22

nasal pharynx connects to what part of the auditory tube

Answer 22

the cartilaginous portion.

Question 23

tube of elevation with tubal tonsils

Answer 23

young subjects have the tubal tonsils which is lymphoid tissue

Question 24

pr

Answer 24

where the stypidius (smallest muscle in body) muscle originates. It is innervated by cranial nerve 7

Question 25

importance of the Stapedius muscle (CN VII

Answer 25

the stapedius muscle has a tendon that attaches into the stapes bone (horseshoe shape structure) that plugs into the oval window( Fenestra Vestibuli) and it transmits the sound from the middle ear into the inner ear

Question 26

importance of the Stapedius muscle (CN VII

Answer 26

the stapedius muscle has a tendon that attaches into the stapes bone (horseshoe shape structure) that plugs into the oval window( Fenestra Vestibuli) and it transmits the sound from the middle ear into the inner ear

Question 27

malleus looks like a

Answer 27

a hammer with a long handle called the manubrium. 1st ossicle in chain

Question 28

the umbo is

Answer 28

the tip of the manubrium of the malleus, it's where the malleus connects into the eardrum

Question 29

the incus

Answer 29

2nd one in chain to vibrate

Question 30

the stapes

Answer 30

3rd one in chain to vibrate. Prevents over vibrating

Question 31

explain order of vibrations

Answer 31

1. tympanic membrane 2. causing malleus to vibrate 3. causing incus to vibrate 4. causing stapes to vibrate - magnify vibrations with each bone.

Question 32

lower ear nerve

Answer 32

glossopharyngeal (specifically, tympanic nerve or Jacobson's nerve)

Question 33

fascial nerve of ear

Answer 33

called the chorda tympani

Question 34

Cochlea is for

Answer 34

Hearing

Question 35

Vestibule is for

Answer 35

Static Equilibrium

Question 36

3 Semicircular Canals are for

Answer 36

Kinetic Equilibrium

Question 37

3 Semicircular Canals are for

Answer 37

Kinetic Equilibrium

Question 38

the boney labyrinth encases the

Answer 38

membranous labyrinth

Question 39

the membranous labyrinth inside of the cochlea is called the

Answer 39

cochlear duct

Question 40

the sacule and lutricle

Answer 40

the membranous labyrinth's inside of the vestibule

Question 41

membranous labyrinth of the semicircular canals are

Answer 41

the semicircular ducts

Question 42

the membranous labyrinth houses the

Answer 42

Receptors for Hearing and Equilibrium

Question 43

within the cavity of the membranous labyrinth there's a the fluid called ____. and what does it do?

Answer 43

Endolymph- they can stimulate the sensory endings to make us feel balance or unbalanced

Question 44

displacement of ___ stimulates sensory endings to make us feel balanced or unbalanced

Answer 44

endolymph

Question 45

which nerve takes the information from the membranous labyrinth into the brain? and how does it do this?

Answer 45

cranial nerve 8 takes it to the brain the mechanical energy of the inner ear is converted using sensory receptors within membranous labryinth, to become electrical energy which can travel with cranial nerve 8 into the brain

Question 46

Between boney and membranous labyrinth is what fluid?

Answer 46

Perilymph-Fluid

Question 47

What are the spaces between the boney and membranous labyrinth named?

Answer 47

``` Scala Vestibuli (top) Scala Tympani (bottom) - we find Perilymph-Fluid in these ```

Question 48

What separates the Scala Vestibuli (top) from the Scala Tympani (bottom)

Answer 48

osseous spiral lamina

Question 49

the osseous spiral lamina has a little structure with a little hat on it called

Answer 49

the organ of hearing (the organ of corti)

Question 50

the space around the organ of corti is called

Answer 50

the cochlear duct

Question 51

the cochlear duct is inside the membranous labyrinth and that's where the

Answer 51

endolymph is

Question 52

what is found in the Scala Vestibuli and | Scala Tympani

Answer 52

- we find Perilymph-Fluid in these

Question 53

spiral organ or organ of corti is where we

Answer 53

convert mechanical energy into electrical energy that can go with cranial nerve 8 into the brain

Question 54

summary of hearing

Answer 54

Tympanic Membrane Vibrates Vibration of the Ossicles (malleus-incus-stapes) Stapes vibrates the Perilymph Perilymph conveys vibrations to Endolymph (mechanical to electrical via the spiral organ/ organ of corti) Simulation of Auditory Sensory Endings that project to CN VIII

Question 55

the stapes plugs into the

Answer 55

oval window

Question 56

the ampullae of the semicircular canal

Answer 56

the swellings which are where the receptors are to form the kinetic labyrinth to check rotational movements of head

Question 57

Saccule & Utricle have sensory epithelium called the

Answer 57

Maculae

Question 58

what stimulates the Maculae? What happens when stimulated?

Answer 58

Gravitational changes stimulate sensory endings that project to CN VIII

Question 59

maculae has little hair cells with a little membrane that overlies it. The membrane is called Otolithic. It has little holes in it. If hair cells are bent, what happens?

Answer 59

mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy used by cranial nerve 8

Question 60

kinetic labyrinth are inside of semicircular canals. Their Ampullae swellings have sensory epithelium called

Answer 60

Ampullary Crests

Question 61

When we get changes in endolymphatic flow (so rotation of the head) in the ampullary crests, it stimulates

Answer 61

sensory endings that project to CN VIII