Anatomy Test #3 Lecture #6 Material Flashcards
1
Q
InfratemporalFossa
A
Lateral: Ramus-Mandible Anterior: Maxilla Medial: Lat. Pterygoid Plate Superior: Sphenoid-Greater Wing Posterior: Spine of the Sphenoid
2
Q
Infratemporal Fossa-Contents
A
Pterygoid Plexus Lateral Pterygoid M. -Has Superior & Inferior Heads Medial Pterygoid M Maxillary Artery with 15-17 branches Chorda Tympani Nerve Branches of V3 Otic ganglion
3
Q
Maxillary Artery with 15-17 branches three parts
A
Has the following 3 parts:
Superficial
Intermediate
Deep
4
Q
Maxillary Artery comes off of what artery
A
external carotid artery
5
Q
Inferior alveolar artery
A
comes off of the superficial maxillary artery and goes the opposite direction than the others, so it goes to your lower teeth and gums
6
Q
middle meningeal
A
comes off of the superficial maxillary artery
7
Q
Branches off of V3 (mandibular division of trigeminal n)
A
- Inferior Alveolar N
- N. to Mylohyoid
- Lingual Nerve
- Buccal Nerve
- Auriculotemporal Nerve
8
Q
Chorda Tympani Nerve
A
(Br. of CN VII)
Comes together and runs with lingual N
supplies taste to the anterior 2/3’s of tongue and parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular gland and sublingual
9
Q
Buccal Nerve
A
- branch of V3
- sensory to the cheek
10
Q
Lingual Nerve
A
- branch of V3
- sensory fibers supply sensory to anterior 2/3’s of tongue
11
Q
N. to Mylohyoid
A
comes off of inferior alveolar N and innervates the Mylohyoid muscle
12
Q
Inferior Alveolar N
A
-branch of V3
enters mandible gives off sensory branches to lower teeth and jaw
13
Q
Auriculotemporal Nerve
A
- branch of V3
- supplies general sensation to the posterior temporal region
- Splits around the Middle Meningeal Artery-parasympathetic to parotid gland
14
Q
Otic ganglion
A
-gives off post ganglion parasympathetic innervation to your parotid gland, when its stimulated it causes carotid gland to secrete saliva
15
Q
All Parasympathetic cranial nerves send out pre ganglions to viscera where it then reaches the post ganglion which then sends the
A
post ganglions to the organ
16
Q
How many cranial nerves contain parasympathetic ganglions?
A
4 cranial nerves contain parasympathetic ganglions
17
Q
which is larger, pre or post ganglions?
A
typically pre ganglions
18
Q
Bones forming the “root” or “bridge” of the nose
A
Nasal Bones (2)
Frontal Process-Maxillary Bone (2)
Nasal Process-Frontal Bone (2
19
Q
entrance to the Nasal Cavity
A
Piriform Fossa
20
Q
Quadrangular (Hyaline)
A
Cartilage that forms the septum itself
21
Q
Boney septum
A
behind quadrangular hyaline
22
Q
The nasal septum consists of anterior and posterior part:
A
a. anterior, cartilaginous part;
b. posterior, bony part
23
Q
Muscles of the nose include (Netter: 35):
A
a. Nasalis (opens the nostrils)
b. Depresso septi
c. Levator Palpebrae Superioris Alaque (nasi)
24
Q
Levator Palpebrae Superioris Alaque (nasi) function
A
scruntches nose
25
procerus
between orbits and when you contract it furrows your brows, makes you frown
26
Depresso septi
under the septum, stabilizes the septum
27
Philtrum:
the space or depression b/w the 2 ridges created by the depress septi
28
nasopharynx
cavity in throat that is behind the nasal cavity.
29
choana
egg shaped openings that separates nasal cavity (air from nose) from nasopharynx
30
choana boundaries
Lateral Boundary-Perpendicular Plate-Palatine Bone
| Medial Boundary- Bony Nasal Septum
31
limen nasi
where the skin ends and the respiratory mucus begins
32
roof of nasal cavity and floor if nasal cavity
```
roof = cribriform plate
floor = hard palate = formed by the palatine processes of the maxillary bone and by the horizontal plates of the palatine bone
```
33
respiratory region.
warms and humidifies air
34
nasal conchae
on surface of lateral wall, warm and humidify air bc exposing it to more surface area
-superior conchae (it's own bone), middle conchae (part of ethmoid bone), inferior conchae (part of ethmoid bone)
35
space between conchi
meatus
- (superior, middle (btw middle and inf), and inferior (btwn inf conchae and hard palate)
- where the nasolacrimal duct drains
36
sphenoethoidal recess
where the sphenoid sinus is going to drain
37
ethmoid bulla
bulge lying underneath the middle conchae, caused by the middle ethmoid air cells
38
Hiatus semilunaris
cleft lying underneath the middle conchae where the maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, and anterior ethmoidal air cells drain (see below).
39
Opening for Nasolacrimal Duct, explain crying –
Lacrimal Apparatus:
a. Lacarimal gland – releases tears that migrate medially across conjuntiva.
b. Lacariml Lake – collects tears
c. Lacrimal Caruncle – red tissue in lake
d. Lacrimal Papillae – on medial eyelid, small bump e. Lacrimal Puncta – pin hole on papillae
f. Lacrimal Canaliculi – from puncta to sac
g. Lacrimal Sac – to nasolacrimal duct
h. Nasolacrimal Duct – drains into nasal cavity; nose runs when you cry!
40
nasal cavity smell nerve?
nasal cavity general sensation nerve?
nasal cavity parasympathetic nerve and what does it do?
smell nerve- olfactory nerve
sensation- trigeminal nerve
parasympathetic nerve- facial nerve- increases amount of mucus and blood flow
41
Note that the primary blood flow to the nasal cavity is via the posteriorly entering
sphenopalatine artery (a terminal branch of the maxillary artery) and its branches
- 1. Ant. Ethmoidal Artery
- 2. Post. Ethmoidal Artery
- 4. Greater Palatine Artery
- 5. Nasal Br. – Facial Artery
42
Keisselbach’s Area-Epistaxis
where all the nose arteries come together, usually where your nose bleeds come from
43
Paranasal Sinuses Functions
Give resonance to the voice- a nice sound to your voice
| Lighten the skull
44
4 pairs of paranasal sinuses
Maxillary Sinuses (biggest, right over molar teeth)
Frontal Sinuses
Ethmoid Air Cells (could have 4-16) (honeycomb shape)
Sphenoid Sinus (
45
drainage of maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, and anterior ethmoid sinus?
they all drain into the MIDDLE MEATUS via Hiatus Semilunaris
46
drainage of Middle Ethmoid goes into
Middle Meatus via opening in the Ethmoid Bulla (then into the Middle Meatus)
47
Posterior Ethmoid sinus drainage into :
Superior Meatus
48
Sphenoid sinus drainage into:
Sphenoethmoidal Recess
49
mental protrubrence
the bump in front middle of chin
50
Mastoid process
(attaches sternoclydomastoid muscle, and splenius capitis which may be missing in children who cannot hold up their head yet!)
51
Trapezius (upper portion) - innervated by and where is it?
CN XI provides the innervation
this muscle covers the back of the neck and attaches into the occipital region of the skull; also, the trapezius has a middle portion (shoulder) and lower portion (back) (Netter: 26).
52
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) - what innervates it and where is it?
CN XI provides the innervation.
this muscle covers the side of the neck obliquely, and runs from the mastoid process to the proximal clavicle and sternal manubrium (Netter: 26-27).
53
Platysma - what innervates it and where is it?
innervated by Cranial Nerve VII/ the facial nerve
the muscle that you show anger and grimace (think of the hulk) with in your neck. This is a superficial muscle, that acts as muscle of facial expression. The muscle covers roughly an area from the shoulder and clavicle to the mandible and mouth (Netter: 25).
54
structure deep to platysma?
external jugular vein
55
external jugular vein
very superficial, drains external face
56
what makes up the external jugular vein?
the Vein is formed by the:
Retromandibular Vein
Post. Auricular Vein
57
external jugular vein eventually drains into the
subclavian vein
58
Cervical Plexus-
ENTIRELY Sensory Branches
All are VPR- ventral primary rami
-Lesser Occipital N.- back of head and neck (C2)
-Greater Auricular N.- around the ear (post, over parotid gland) (C2-C3)
-Transverse Cervical N.- lateral and anterior neck(C2-C3)
-Supraclavicular N.- skin over clavicle (C3-C4)
59
Submandibular/Suboccip-ital Nodes
think of a turtle neck- underneath chin, ears, and back of head
60
Deep Cervical Nodes
run with sternoclydomastoid
61
Anterior Cervical Nodes
runs down neck under ear in a straight line
62
Posterior Cervical Triangle
boundaries are the upper trapezius, the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and the clavicle. The roof is formed by the deep cervical investing fascia .
it's the triangle above your clavicle- when you protract and elevate your shoulders
63
Posterior Cervical Triangle is filled with
deep cervical investing fascia
64
lipoma
big fatty tumor that might be in posterior cervical triangle
65
contents of posterior cervicle triangle
a. Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior)
b. Levator Scapulae
c. Splenius Capitis
d. Superior & Inferior belly of the omohyoid
66
Scalene Hiatus
This opening is formed by the anterior and middle scalene muscles.
67
Passing through the scalene hiatus are the
rami and trunks of the brachial plexus along with the subclavian triangle.
68
scalene are muscles that connect
these are muscles that connect the rib cage to the cervical spine
69
what separates Superior & Inferior belly of the omohyoid
intermediate tendon
70
What does the Inferior belly of the omohyoid do to the posterior cervical triangle?
it divides it into two smaller triangles
1. the occipital triangle (top triangle)
2. the subclavian or the omoclavicular triangle (the bottom triangle)
71
Nerve contents of posterior cervical triangle
all sensory
- Lesser Occipital N.
- Greater Auricular N.
- Transverse Cervical N.
- Supraclavicular N.
72
Erb’s Point
the point where the 4 nerves of the posterior cervical triangle come together
-its the location of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus
73
the occipital triangle
the beginning of the brachial plexus- the 5 rami and three trunks
74
subclavian triangle
Subclavian Artery
Subclavian Vein
Supraclavicular Nerve
75
what nerve runs through the occipital triangle?
Cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve)
76
Anterior cervical triangle boundaries
Body of Mandible (top flat boundary)
Sternocleidomastoid (lateral border)
Midline of the Neck (medial border, splits into two triangles)
77
what fills up the Anterior cervical triangle
deep investing fascia
78
Anterior cervical triangle contents
Anterior & Posterior Belly-Digastric (note: Fibrous Sling & Intermediate Tendon)
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
79
```
Suprahyoid Muscles innervations
Anterior Belly of the Digastric:
Mylohyoid:
Posterior Belly of the Digastric:
Stylohyoid:
Geniohyoid
```
```
Anterior Belly of the Digastric: V3 (N. to Mylohyoid)
Mylohyoid: V3 (N. to Mylohyoid)
Posterior Belly of the Digastric: CN VII
Stylohyoid: CN VII
Geniohyoid: C1 via the Hypoglossal Nerve
```
