Anatomy: Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

what are the two divisions of the skeleton?

Answer 1

the axial skeleton

the appendicular skeleton

Question 2

what is the long bone of the upper arm called?

Answer 2

the humerus

Question 3

what are the two long bones in the forearm called?

Answer 3

the radius and the ulna

Question 4

what are the three types of bones in the hand?

Answer 4

carpals
metacarpals
phalanges

Question 5

what is the long bone in the thigh called?

Answer 5

the femur

Question 6

what are the two long bones in the leg called?

Answer 6

the tibia and the fibula

Question 7

what are the three types of bones in the foot called?

Answer 7

tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges

Question 8

when do bony features develop?

Answer 8

during bone growth

Question 9

what are bony features?

Answer 9

functional changes that make the bones the best shape for its function

Question 10

what is bone?

Answer 10

hard connective tissue

Question 11

where is cartilage located?

Answer 11

where mobility is required (joints)

Question 12

where does movement of the skeleton occur?

Answer 12

at joints

Question 13

what is another name for joints?

Answer 13

articulations

Question 14

what are the three different types of joints?

Answer 14

synovial
cartilaginous
fibrous

Question 15

what is the most mobile type of joint?

Answer 15

synovial

Question 16

what is the least mobile type of joint?

Answer 16

fibrous

Question 17

what does increased mobility at a joint mean?

Answer 17

decreased stability and increased risk of dislocation

Question 18

what four sensations are detected by the sensory receptors of joint nerves?

Answer 18

pain
touch
temperature
proprioception

Question 19

what is proprioception?

Answer 19

awareness of the position in space

Question 20

where do the arteries supplying joints arise from?

Answer 20

large arteries near the joint

Question 21

what are arteries that supply a joint called?

Answer 21

articular branches

Question 22

what do skeletal muscles produce?

Answer 22

movement of the skeleton

Question 23

what are skeletal muscles found deep to?

Answer 23

deep fascia

Question 24

what is deep fascia?

Answer 24

a layer of tough, fibrous connective tissue

Question 25

what are the two basic points of attachment of a muscle to bone called?

Answer 25

origin | insertion

Question 26

what attaches a muscle to bone?

Answer 26

a tendon

Question 27

what is an aponeurosis?

Answer 27

a flat tendon

Question 28

what does an aponeurosis connect muscle to?

Answer 28

soft tissue

Question 29

how many points of attachment to bone does the biceps brachii muscle have?

Answer 29

three

Question 30

how many origins does the deltoud muscle have?

Answer 30

three

Question 31

how many directions of movement does the deltoud muscle have?

Answer 31

three

Question 32

where does the deltoid muscle insert?

Answer 32

the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Question 33

where are the three origins of the deltoid muscle?

Answer 33

spine of the scapula acromion process lateral side of the clavicle

Question 34

where do the posterior fibres of the deltoid originate?

Answer 34

the spine of the scapula

Question 35

where do the middle fibres of the deltoid muscle originate?

Answer 35

acromion process of the scapula

Question 36

where do the anterior fibres of the deltoid muscle originate?

Answer 36

lateral third of the clavicle

Question 37

what movement does the contraction of the posterior fibres of the deltoid produce?

Answer 37

extension of the shoulder

Question 38

what movement does the contraction of the middle fibres of the deltoid produce?

Answer 38

abduction of the shoulders

Question 39

what movement does the contraction of the anterior fibres of the deltoid produce?

Answer 39

flexion of the shoulder

Question 40

what nerve supplies the biceps brachii?

Answer 40

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 41

what is the clinical test for the biceps brachii?

Answer 41

biceps jerk reflex

Question 42

what are the two main reflexes involving skeletal muscles?

Answer 42

stretch reflex | flexion withdrawal reflex

Question 43

how is the stretch reflex tested?

Answer 43

a tendon hammer is used to apply brief, sudden stretch to the muscle via its tendon

Question 44

what is the normal response to stretch in a muscle?

Answer 44

to contract

Question 45

what is the flexion withdrawal reflex?

Answer 45

when you touch something potentially damaging and suddenly flex to withdraw from the danger

Question 46

where are the nerve connections for reflexes found?

Answer 46

the spinal cord

Question 47

what is not involved in reflexes?

Answer 47

the brain

Question 48

when is a muscle paralysed?

Answer 48

when a muscle doesn't have a functioning motor nerve supply

Question 49

what would a paralysed muscle have upon examination?

Answer 49

reduced tone

Question 50

what is not working if there is spasticity in a muscle?

Answer 50

the descending controls from the brain

Question 51

what would a muscle with spasticity have on examination?

Answer 51

increased tone

Question 52

what is atrophy?

Answer 52

wasting of the muscles

Question 53

what causes atrophy?

Answer 53

inactivity of the muscle

Question 54

what is hypertrophy?

Answer 54

skeletal muscles enlarging as each individual myocyte enlarges