anatomy nervous system test

Question 1

what is the central nervous system composed of?

Answer 1

brain
spinal cord

Question 2

What is the peripheral nervous system composed of?

Answer 2

all neural tissue outside the central nervous system

Question 3

what type of neuron is located between sensory and motor neurons (in brain and spinal cord)
analyze inputs, coordinates outputs
roles in memory, learning and planning

Answer 3

interneurons

Question 4

which kind of neuron delivers signals to muscles/organs
stimulate or inhibit peripheral tissues
efferent division

Answer 4

motor neuron

Question 5

which type of neuron monitors internal+external environments
deliver information to the central nervous system
afferent division

Answer 5

sensory neurons

Question 6

support framework for neurons

Answer 6

neuroglia

Question 7

transfer, process, and store information

Answer 7

neurons

Question 8

maintain the blood-brain barrier
largest and most numerous

Answer 8

astrocytes

Question 9

create myelin sheath around neurons
lining of brain and spinal cord activities

Answer 9

oligodendrocytes

Question 10

defense and disposal of debris
smallest and rarest neuralgia

Answer 10

microglia

Question 11

circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 11

ependymal cells

Question 12

describe how action potential gets sent

Answer 12

1. membrane @ -70mV on the inside (resting potential)
2. stimulus occurs, sodium rushes in, membrane changes to +30 mV (Depolarization)
3. potassium leaves the cell until returns to -80 mV (repolarization)
4. sodium/potassium pump brings ions back to normal (Salty banana)
5. refractory period (no new stimulus)

Question 13

sodium: outside or inside

Answer 13

outside

Question 14

potassium: outside or inside

Answer 14

inside

Question 15

axon is unmyelinated, action potential through the whole membrane

Answer 15

continuous propagation

Question 16

axon is myelinated, action potetential only on the nodes of rarivor

Answer 16

saltatory

Question 17

which neural pool: several neurons send information to one other
example: consciously controlling breathing

Answer 17

convergent

Question 18

which neural pool: spread information from one neuron to several others (many different responses to an event)
example: stepping on a tack

Answer 18

divergent

Question 19

outside layer
Tough fibrous outer layer
dural folds hold the brain in position
connects to skull

Answer 19

dura mater

Question 20

space filled with cerebrospinal fluid for shock absorption
middle layer
“Spidery”

Answer 20

arachnoid

Question 21

Connects to brain
inside layer
highly vascular

Answer 21

pia mater

Question 22

function of the spinal cord

Answer 22

relays information to/from the brain and processes some information on its own

Question 23

describe the structure of a spinal nerve

Answer 23

combo of sensory (dorsal) and motor (ventral) in one nerve

Question 24

what structure makes cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 24

chord plexus

Question 25

which lobe: emotion control, decision making, executive functions

Answer 25

frontal lobe

Question 26

which lobe: sensory input, memories

Answer 26

parietal

Question 27

which lobe: vision

Answer 27

occipital

Question 28

which lobe: language, hearing, memory, speech

Answer 28

temporal

Question 29

controls breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure, and acts as a relay between the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 29

brain stem

Question 30

balance, muscle memory, motion memory, body control

Answer 30

cerebellum

Question 31

directs voluntary movement, responds to sensory information--> motor

Answer 31

precentral gyrus

Question 32

receives somatic sensation (touch, pain, pressure, temperature

Answer 32

postcentral gyrus

Question 33

sorts data

Answer 33

thalamus

Question 34

homeostasis, temperature

Answer 34

hypothalamus

Question 35

connects the right and left hemispheres

Answer 35

corpus callosum

Question 36

describe how a signal is sent (when you step on something) from your toe, up to your brain and back down to your leg muscle. Include the specific parts the message will run thru.

Answer 36

Stepping on something: stimulus sensory pathway thru sensory neurons (carry pain signal from site of injury to brain. interneurons make decision on the reaction sent to the brain back thru the motor nerves that sends a response through to the leg for the reaction

Question 37

"fight or flight"

Answer 37

sympathetic division

Question 38

example of sympathetic division situations and how they effect 3 organs

Answer 38

car accident, fight -heart rate increases, lungs: increased breathing rate, pupil dilation, start to sweat

Question 39

"rest and digest"

Answer 39

parasympathetic

Question 40

example of parasympathetic division situations and how they effect 3 organs

Answer 40

beach, sleep, yoga (anything relaxing) - decreased heart rate, slower breathing, pupil constriction

Question 41

increased alertness, euphoria + energy, increased cardiovascular, increased respiratory activity, increased muscle tone

Answer 41

sympathetic

Question 42

relaxation, food processing, energy absorption

Answer 42

parasympathetic

Question 43

how does the nervous system change with age ?

Answer 43

loss of neurons changes in synaptic organization of the brain intra and extra cellular changes in central nervous system neurons reduction in brain size and weight decrease in brain blood flow